Q.1 Which lobe of the brain primarily processes visual information?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Explanation - The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, is mainly responsible for visual processing.
Correct answer is: Occipital lobe
Q.2 The primary motor cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Explanation - The primary motor cortex, responsible for voluntary movements, lies in the frontal lobe.
Correct answer is: Frontal lobe
Q.3 Which type of sensory receptor detects light?
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Explanation - Photoreceptors in the retina (rods and cones) detect light and color.
Correct answer is: Photoreceptors
Q.4 Which part of the ear is responsible for maintaining balance?
Cochlea
Semicircular canals
Eardrum
Ossicles
Explanation - The semicircular canals in the inner ear detect rotational movement, helping maintain balance.
Correct answer is: Semicircular canals
Q.5 Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain for sensory and motor communication?
Cerebellum
Corpus callosum
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Explanation - The corpus callosum is a bundle of fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres, aiding motor and sensory integration.
Correct answer is: Corpus callosum
Q.6 Which type of motor neuron directly innervates skeletal muscles?
Sensory neurons
Upper motor neurons
Lower motor neurons
Interneurons
Explanation - Lower motor neurons in the spinal cord connect directly to muscles to initiate movement.
Correct answer is: Lower motor neurons
Q.7 What is the main function of the thalamus in sensory processing?
Initiates motor commands
Regulates sleep
Relays sensory information
Controls balance
Explanation - The thalamus acts as a relay station, directing sensory input (except smell) to the appropriate cortical areas.
Correct answer is: Relays sensory information
Q.8 Which sensory system does not pass through the thalamus before reaching the cortex?
Vision
Audition
Olfaction
Touch
Explanation - The olfactory pathway bypasses the thalamus and projects directly to the olfactory cortex.
Correct answer is: Olfaction
Q.9 Which brain area is critical for fine motor coordination?
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Explanation - The cerebellum fine-tunes motor activity, ensuring smooth, coordinated movements.
Correct answer is: Cerebellum
Q.10 Which sensory receptor detects pressure and touch?
Mechanoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Explanation - Mechanoreceptors in the skin detect mechanical stimuli like pressure and vibration.
Correct answer is: Mechanoreceptors
Q.11 Damage to Broca’s area primarily affects which function?
Speech production
Motor coordination
Visual perception
Sensory processing
Explanation - Broca’s area in the frontal lobe is crucial for forming speech and motor aspects of language.
Correct answer is: Speech production
Q.12 Which pathway carries motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord?
Corticospinal tract
Spinothalamic tract
Dorsal column pathway
Optic tract
Explanation - The corticospinal tract transmits voluntary motor signals from the brain to the spinal cord.
Correct answer is: Corticospinal tract
Q.13 The somatosensory cortex is located in which lobe?
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Explanation - The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe processes tactile information from the body.
Correct answer is: Parietal
Q.14 Which sense is directly linked to the limbic system, influencing emotions and memory?
Vision
Olfaction
Hearing
Taste
Explanation - Olfactory signals connect strongly to the limbic system, explaining why smells evoke strong memories.
Correct answer is: Olfaction
Q.15 Which muscle type is controlled voluntarily by the motor system?
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Involuntary muscle
Explanation - Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, enabling conscious movement.
Correct answer is: Skeletal muscle
Q.16 What is the function of nociceptors?
Detect sound waves
Detect pain
Detect light
Detect taste
Explanation - Nociceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect harmful stimuli and signal pain.
Correct answer is: Detect pain
Q.17 Which neurotransmitter is most critical for muscle contraction?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
GABA
Explanation - Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction.
Correct answer is: Acetylcholine
Q.18 Which part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that exit to muscles?
Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Cerebellum
Medulla
Explanation - Motor neurons are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and project to muscles.
Correct answer is: Ventral horn
Q.19 Which brain imaging method best maps motor and sensory cortex activity?
CT scan
EEG
fMRI
X-ray
Explanation - fMRI measures blood flow changes, providing high-resolution maps of brain activity in sensory and motor areas.
Correct answer is: fMRI
Q.20 Which cranial nerve carries visual information to the brain?
Optic nerve
Olfactory nerve
Auditory nerve
Facial nerve
Explanation - The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) transmits visual signals from the retina to the brain.
Correct answer is: Optic nerve
Q.21 What is the function of the basal ganglia in motor systems?
Initiates reflexes
Regulates movement initiation and smoothness
Processes sensory input
Controls memory
Explanation - The basal ganglia help control voluntary motor movements and ensure smooth execution.
Correct answer is: Regulates movement initiation and smoothness
Q.22 Which sensory pathway transmits pain and temperature signals?
Corticospinal tract
Spinothalamic tract
Dorsal column pathway
Olfactory pathway
Explanation - The spinothalamic tract carries sensory input about pain and temperature to the brain.
Correct answer is: Spinothalamic tract
Q.23 Which structure regulates involuntary motor functions like breathing and heart rate?
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Basal ganglia
Pons
Explanation - The medulla controls vital autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and reflexes.
Correct answer is: Medulla oblongata
Q.24 Which area of the brain is associated with understanding written and spoken language?
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Motor cortex
Cerebellum
Explanation - Wernicke’s area in the temporal lobe is critical for language comprehension.
Correct answer is: Wernicke’s area
Q.25 Which motor pathway is responsible for facial muscle control?
Pyramidal tract
Extrapyramidal tract
Corticobulbar tract
Spinothalamic tract
Explanation - The corticobulbar tract controls motor functions of cranial nerves, including facial movement.
Correct answer is: Corticobulbar tract