Q.1 Which neuropsychological disorder is primarily characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline?
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis
Explanation - Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by memory impairment, language difficulties, and decline in executive functions.
Correct answer is: Alzheimer's disease
Q.2 Which disorder is associated with damage to the frontal lobe resulting in changes in personality and decision-making?
Broca's aphasia
Frontal lobe syndrome
Wernicke's aphasia
Huntington's disease
Explanation - Frontal lobe syndrome occurs after injury to the frontal cortex, affecting executive functions, impulse control, and social behavior.
Correct answer is: Frontal lobe syndrome
Q.3 Patients with Parkinson's disease primarily have degeneration of which brain structure?
Hippocampus
Substantia nigra
Amygdala
Cerebellum
Explanation - Parkinson's disease involves loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity.
Correct answer is: Substantia nigra
Q.4 Which neuropsychological disorder is characterized by sudden, recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain?
Epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis
Dementia
Tourette's syndrome
Explanation - Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal brain activity.
Correct answer is: Epilepsy
Q.5 Broca's aphasia results from damage to which area of the brain?
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Explanation - Broca's area, located in the left frontal lobe, is responsible for speech production. Damage leads to expressive aphasia.
Correct answer is: Frontal lobe
Q.6 Which disorder is characterized by progressive motor dysfunction and is caused by genetic mutations in the HTT gene?
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Explanation - Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder causing involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms.
Correct answer is: Huntington's disease
Q.7 Wernicke's aphasia primarily affects which function?
Speech comprehension
Motor control
Memory formation
Emotional regulation
Explanation - Damage to Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe impairs language comprehension, producing fluent but meaningless speech.
Correct answer is: Speech comprehension
Q.8 Which disorder involves demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system?
Multiple sclerosis
Epilepsy
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Explanation - Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks myelin sheaths, disrupting neuronal signaling.
Correct answer is: Multiple sclerosis
Q.9 Which neuropsychological disorder is often associated with repetitive motor tics and vocalizations?
Tourette's syndrome
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
Dementia
Explanation - Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics appearing before age 18.
Correct answer is: Tourette's syndrome
Q.10 Which type of dementia is caused by cerebrovascular disease?
Alzheimer's disease
Frontotemporal dementia
Vascular dementia
Lewy body dementia
Explanation - Vascular dementia results from impaired blood flow to the brain, often after strokes, causing cognitive decline.
Correct answer is: Vascular dementia
Q.11 Which disorder is associated with abnormal accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain?
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis
Explanation - Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, leading to neuronal death and cognitive decline.
Correct answer is: Alzheimer's disease
Q.12 Damage to the parietal lobe can result in which neuropsychological disorder?
Apraxia
Agnosia
Broca's aphasia
Huntington's disease
Explanation - Parietal lobe damage can impair the ability to recognize objects, faces, or sensory stimuli, known as agnosia.
Correct answer is: Agnosia
Q.13 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) primarily affects which type of neurons?
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons
Autonomic neurons
Explanation - ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.
Correct answer is: Motor neurons
Q.14 Which neuropsychological disorder is characterized by difficulty initiating movements and slow, rigid motions?
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Epilepsy
Explanation - Parkinson's disease involves bradykinesia (slow movement), rigidity, and tremor due to dopaminergic neuron loss.
Correct answer is: Parkinson's disease
Q.15 Which disorder is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia and manifests with involuntary jerky movements?
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
ALS
Multiple sclerosis
Explanation - Huntington's disease involves basal ganglia degeneration, producing chorea (involuntary, jerky movements) and cognitive decline.
Correct answer is: Huntington's disease
Q.16 Which disorder is linked to deficits in attention, planning, and inhibition due to frontal lobe damage?
Frontal lobe syndrome
Wernicke's aphasia
Epilepsy
Parkinson's disease
Explanation - Frontal lobe damage impairs executive functions such as planning, attention, problem-solving, and behavioral control.
Correct answer is: Frontal lobe syndrome
Q.17 Patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome often suffer from a deficiency of which vitamin?
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Explanation - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, often due to chronic alcoholism, results from thiamine deficiency, causing confusion, memory loss, and confabulation.
Correct answer is: Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Q.18 Which neuropsychological disorder can result from traumatic brain injury affecting the temporal lobe?
Anterograde amnesia
Parkinson's disease
ALS
Multiple sclerosis
Explanation - Temporal lobe damage, especially to the hippocampus, can prevent the formation of new memories, causing anterograde amnesia.
Correct answer is: Anterograde amnesia
Q.19 Which disorder is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies in neurons?
Lewy body dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
Huntington's disease
Explanation - Lewy body dementia involves abnormal protein deposits (Lewy bodies) in the brain, causing cognitive decline, visual hallucinations, and motor symptoms.
Correct answer is: Lewy body dementia
Q.20 Prosopagnosia is a disorder that affects which ability?
Face recognition
Speech production
Memory recall
Motor coordination
Explanation - Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, results from damage to the fusiform gyrus, impairing the ability to recognize familiar faces.
Correct answer is: Face recognition
Q.21 Which neuropsychological disorder involves difficulty in executing purposeful movements despite intact motor function?
Apraxia
Agnosia
ALS
Tourette's syndrome
Explanation - Apraxia occurs when patients cannot perform learned movements or gestures even though muscles and comprehension are intact.
Correct answer is: Apraxia
Q.22 Which disorder is most commonly associated with chronic alcohol abuse and severe memory impairment?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Parkinson's disease
Epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis
Explanation - This syndrome results from thiamine deficiency in alcoholics, leading to Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis.
Correct answer is: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Q.23 Which disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of confusion and normal cognitive function, often associated with seizures?
Epilepsy
Dementia
Parkinson's disease
ALS
Explanation - Epilepsy causes recurrent seizures, which can temporarily disrupt consciousness, cognition, and perception.
Correct answer is: Epilepsy
Q.24 Which neuropsychological disorder involves degeneration of neurons in both the frontal and temporal lobes, affecting behavior and language?
Frontotemporal dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Lewy body dementia
Multiple sclerosis
Explanation - Frontotemporal dementia causes personality changes, language difficulties, and impaired executive function due to selective neuronal degeneration.
Correct answer is: Frontotemporal dementia
Q.25 Which disorder results in progressive difficulty swallowing, speaking, and breathing due to motor neuron degeneration?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Parkinson's disease
Huntington's disease
Epilepsy
Explanation - ALS progressively destroys upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, dysarthria, dysphagia, and respiratory failure.
Correct answer is: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis