Q.1 Which of the following best defines clinical neuropsychology?
The study of brain anatomy only
The application of psychology to legal issues
The assessment and treatment of brain-behavior relationships
The study of group social behavior
Explanation - Clinical neuropsychology focuses on understanding how brain function impacts cognition, behavior, and emotions, often through assessment and rehabilitation.
Correct answer is: The assessment and treatment of brain-behavior relationships
Q.2 Which brain structure is most associated with memory consolidation?
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Basal ganglia
Explanation - The hippocampus plays a crucial role in consolidating new memories, especially episodic and declarative memory.
Correct answer is: Hippocampus
Q.3 A neuropsychological assessment often includes:
EEG recording only
Standardized cognitive tests
X-ray scans
Reflex testing only
Explanation - Neuropsychological assessments use standardized cognitive tests to evaluate brain function in areas like memory, attention, and language.
Correct answer is: Standardized cognitive tests
Q.4 Damage to Broca’s area typically results in:
Impaired speech production
Inability to recognize faces
Loss of motor coordination
Deficits in long-term memory
Explanation - Broca’s area, located in the left frontal lobe, is associated with language production. Damage often leads to expressive aphasia.
Correct answer is: Impaired speech production
Q.5 Which disorder is most often linked with dysfunction of the basal ganglia?
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Schizophrenia
Multiple sclerosis
Explanation - The basal ganglia are involved in motor control, and dysfunction is central in Parkinson’s disease due to dopamine deficiency.
Correct answer is: Parkinson’s disease
Q.6 Clinical neuropsychologists primarily work with:
Clients with brain injuries or neurological disorders
Healthy individuals with no cognitive concerns
Athletes only
Corporate leaders only
Explanation - Clinical neuropsychologists assess and treat individuals with brain-related conditions such as trauma, stroke, or dementia.
Correct answer is: Clients with brain injuries or neurological disorders
Q.7 What is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer’s disease?
Progressive memory loss
Sudden motor paralysis
Chronic tremors
Hallucinations only
Explanation - Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with memory impairment as a central symptom.
Correct answer is: Progressive memory loss
Q.8 Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for visual processing?
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Explanation - The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, processes visual information.
Correct answer is: Occipital lobe
Q.9 Neuroplasticity refers to:
The brain’s ability to shrink with age
The brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt
The brain’s reliance on fixed circuits
The inability of neurons to change
Explanation - Neuroplasticity describes the brain’s capacity to form new connections and adapt after injury or learning experiences.
Correct answer is: The brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt
Q.10 A person with damage to the right hemisphere may experience:
Language comprehension deficits
Spatial neglect
Fine motor weakness in the right hand
Purely emotional disturbances
Explanation - Damage to the right hemisphere often results in left-side spatial neglect, where patients ignore stimuli on the left side.
Correct answer is: Spatial neglect
Q.11 Which test is commonly used in neuropsychological assessment of memory?
Wechsler Memory Scale
Rorschach Test
Stroop Test
MMPI
Explanation - The Wechsler Memory Scale is widely used to assess different aspects of memory functioning.
Correct answer is: Wechsler Memory Scale
Q.12 What does an fMRI primarily measure?
Electrical activity of neurons
Blood oxygenation changes
Cerebrospinal fluid flow
Hormonal activity
Explanation - Functional MRI detects changes in blood oxygenation levels, which indirectly reflect neural activity.
Correct answer is: Blood oxygenation changes
Q.13 Which disorder is most associated with demyelination of neurons?
Multiple sclerosis
Epilepsy
Parkinson’s disease
Huntington’s disease
Explanation - Multiple sclerosis involves immune-mediated demyelination, leading to disrupted neural communication.
Correct answer is: Multiple sclerosis
Q.14 The frontal lobes are critical for:
Balance and coordination
Executive functions
Basic reflexes
Vision
Explanation - The frontal lobes regulate planning, decision-making, impulse control, and problem-solving.
Correct answer is: Executive functions
Q.15 Which condition involves recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain activity?
Stroke
Epilepsy
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Explanation - Epilepsy is characterized by repeated seizures caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain.
Correct answer is: Epilepsy
Q.16 What is aphasia?
A disorder of movement
A disorder of memory
A disorder of language
A disorder of emotion
Explanation - Aphasia refers to impairments in language comprehension or production, usually due to brain injury.
Correct answer is: A disorder of language
Q.17 The cerebellum is primarily involved in:
Memory storage
Emotion regulation
Motor coordination
Speech comprehension
Explanation - The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and posture.
Correct answer is: Motor coordination
Q.18 Which neurotransmitter is most linked with reward and motivation?
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
GABA
Explanation - Dopamine plays a key role in the brain’s reward system, motivation, and movement control.
Correct answer is: Dopamine
Q.19 What is the main purpose of a clinical neuropsychological evaluation?
To provide medication
To map brain-behavior relationships
To replace imaging studies
To test physical strength
Explanation - Evaluations aim to understand how brain dysfunction impacts cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.
Correct answer is: To map brain-behavior relationships
Q.20 Which condition is strongly associated with beta-amyloid plaques?
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Epilepsy
Stroke
Explanation - Alzheimer’s disease is linked to abnormal buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain.
Correct answer is: Alzheimer’s disease
Q.21 Which test is often used to assess attention and executive function?
Stroop Test
Rorschach Test
TAT
Bender-Gestalt Test
Explanation - The Stroop Test measures cognitive control and the ability to suppress automatic responses, assessing attention and executive functioning.
Correct answer is: Stroop Test
Q.22 Which type of memory is most affected in amnesia?
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Sensory memory
Explanation - Amnesia primarily impairs episodic memory, which involves recalling personal experiences and events.
Correct answer is: Episodic memory
Q.23 Which of the following is a key symptom of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Hallucinations only
Seizures, confusion, and memory problems
Muscle hypertrophy
Progressive paralysis
Explanation - TBI can cause cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms, including confusion, seizures, and memory impairments.
Correct answer is: Seizures, confusion, and memory problems
Q.24 The primary tool used to diagnose structural brain abnormalities is:
MRI
Electroencephalography
Stroop Test
Neuropsychological interview
Explanation - MRI is commonly used to visualize structural abnormalities in the brain, such as lesions or tumors.
Correct answer is: MRI
Q.25 Which brain lobe is most associated with auditory processing?
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Explanation - The temporal lobe contains the primary auditory cortex, which processes sound and language comprehension.
Correct answer is: Temporal lobe