Q.1 Which of the following is a primary appraisal in Lazarus' model of stress?
Assessing whether an event is harmful or threatening
Evaluating coping resources available
Planning problem-solving strategies
Ignoring the stressor
Explanation - Primary appraisal involves evaluating whether an event poses a threat, harm, or challenge to well-being.
Correct answer is: Assessing whether an event is harmful or threatening
Q.2 Which type of coping involves directly addressing the problem causing stress?
Emotion-focused coping
Problem-focused coping
Avoidant coping
Passive coping
Explanation - Problem-focused coping involves taking active steps to remove or reduce the source of stress.
Correct answer is: Problem-focused coping
Q.3 Hans Selye's concept of General Adaptation Syndrome includes all of the following stages EXCEPT:
Alarm
Resistance
Recovery
Exhaustion
Explanation - Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome has three stages: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion; 'Recovery' is not part of the model.
Correct answer is: Recovery
Q.4 Which hormone is primarily released during the 'fight-or-flight' response?
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Insulin
Oxytocin
Explanation - Adrenaline is released by the adrenal medulla to prepare the body for immediate action during stress.
Correct answer is: Adrenaline
Q.5 Chronic stress is most likely to contribute to which health outcome?
Enhanced immunity
Hypertension and heart disease
Improved sleep quality
Lower cortisol levels
Explanation - Prolonged exposure to stress hormones can increase risk for cardiovascular problems.
Correct answer is: Hypertension and heart disease
Q.6 Which coping strategy focuses on regulating emotional responses rather than changing the stressor?
Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
Avoidant coping
Task-focused coping
Explanation - Emotion-focused coping seeks to manage the emotional distress associated with a stressor rather than eliminating it.
Correct answer is: Emotion-focused coping
Q.7 The social support hypothesis suggests that:
Social connections can reduce perceived stress and improve health
Stress is solely determined by personal resilience
Isolation enhances coping mechanisms
Support groups increase stress levels
Explanation - Social support buffers the negative effects of stress and promotes both psychological and physical well-being.
Correct answer is: Social connections can reduce perceived stress and improve health
Q.8 Which of the following is a physiological measure of stress?
Self-report questionnaires
Heart rate and blood pressure
Coping style surveys
Cognitive appraisal ratings
Explanation - Physiological measures, such as heart rate and blood pressure, provide objective indicators of stress.
Correct answer is: Heart rate and blood pressure
Q.9 Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) primarily helps by:
Changing the external stressors
Increasing self-awareness and reducing emotional reactivity
Suppressing emotions
Promoting multitasking under stress
Explanation - MBSR teaches individuals to observe thoughts and feelings without judgment, reducing stress reactions.
Correct answer is: Increasing self-awareness and reducing emotional reactivity
Q.10 Which of the following best describes 'avoidant coping'?
Seeking solutions actively
Ignoring or escaping the stressor
Discussing emotions with friends
Engaging in exercise to reduce stress
Explanation - Avoidant coping involves evading the stressor rather than addressing it or managing emotions constructively.
Correct answer is: Ignoring or escaping the stressor
Q.11 Which stage of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome involves the body attempting to resist or adapt to stress?
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Recovery
Explanation - During the resistance stage, the body tries to cope with the stressor and maintain homeostasis.
Correct answer is: Resistance
Q.12 Which type of stressor is described as predictable but unavoidable, like an upcoming exam?
Acute stressor
Chronic stressor
Eustressor
Daily hassles
Explanation - Acute stressors are short-term and often predictable events that require adaptation but are temporary.
Correct answer is: Acute stressor
Q.13 Which of the following is NOT a psychological symptom of stress?
Anxiety
Depression
Increased heart rate
Irritability
Explanation - Increased heart rate is a physiological, not psychological, symptom of stress.
Correct answer is: Increased heart rate
Q.14 According to Lazarus, coping is:
A fixed personality trait
Constantly changing based on context
Only emotion-focused
Unrelated to appraisal
Explanation - Coping strategies are dynamic and depend on the individual's appraisal of the stressor and available resources.
Correct answer is: Constantly changing based on context
Q.15 Which of the following best exemplifies 'problem-focused coping'?
Seeking advice to solve a work conflict
Meditating to reduce anxiety
Ignoring a stressful email
Ventilating emotions to a friend
Explanation - Problem-focused coping involves active efforts to tackle or eliminate the stressor.
Correct answer is: Seeking advice to solve a work conflict
Q.16 Stress inoculation training (SIT) primarily aims to:
Expose individuals to small stressors to build coping skills
Eliminate all sources of stress
Focus only on emotional regulation
Avoid stressful situations completely
Explanation - SIT helps individuals gradually build resilience by learning coping strategies before encountering major stressors.
Correct answer is: Expose individuals to small stressors to build coping skills
Q.17 Which of the following is considered a 'daily hassle'?
Natural disaster
Traffic jam
Job loss
Chronic illness
Explanation - Daily hassles are minor, frequent stressors that accumulate and affect well-being over time.
Correct answer is: Traffic jam
Q.18 Which stress hormone is most commonly linked to chronic stress and immune suppression?
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Serotonin
Dopamine
Explanation - Cortisol, released by the adrenal cortex, is elevated during chronic stress and can suppress immune function.
Correct answer is: Cortisol
Q.19 Which model emphasizes that stress results from an imbalance between demands and resources?
Diathesis-stress model
Transactional model of stress
General Adaptation Syndrome
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Explanation - The transactional model posits that stress occurs when perceived demands exceed perceived coping resources.
Correct answer is: Transactional model of stress
Q.20 Which of the following is an example of eustress?
Job loss
Winning a scholarship
Divorce
Chronic illness
Explanation - Eustress refers to positive stress that can motivate and improve performance.
Correct answer is: Winning a scholarship
Q.21 Which coping strategy is linked to better long-term health outcomes?
Avoidant coping
Problem-focused coping
Denial
Substance use
Explanation - Problem-focused coping is associated with actively addressing stressors and tends to improve both mental and physical health.
Correct answer is: Problem-focused coping
Q.22 Which of the following is NOT a feature of chronic stress?
Long duration
Recurrent activation of stress response
Immediate short-term alarm
Potential to impact health over time
Explanation - Chronic stress is long-lasting and differs from the immediate, short-term alarm response seen in acute stress.
Correct answer is: Immediate short-term alarm
Q.23 Biofeedback as a stress management technique helps by:
Providing real-time data on physiological functions to gain control
Suppressing emotions
Increasing cortisol levels
Encouraging avoidance of stressors
Explanation - Biofeedback allows individuals to monitor bodily processes like heart rate and learn to control them to reduce stress.
Correct answer is: Providing real-time data on physiological functions to gain control
Q.24 Which type of appraisal occurs after a stressor has been evaluated and coping strategies are implemented?
Primary appraisal
Secondary appraisal
Reappraisal
Tertiary appraisal
Explanation - Reappraisal involves reevaluating the stressor and coping outcomes, often adjusting coping strategies accordingly.
Correct answer is: Reappraisal
Q.25 Which of the following statements about stress and immunity is TRUE?
Short-term stress enhances immune function, chronic stress suppresses it
All stress suppresses immunity
Stress has no effect on immunity
Only emotional stress affects immunity
Explanation - Acute stress can boost immune response temporarily, but prolonged stress impairs immune function.
Correct answer is: Short-term stress enhances immune function, chronic stress suppresses it