Q.1 Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Age
Genetics
Physical inactivity
Gender
Explanation - Modifiable risk factors are behaviors or conditions that individuals can change, such as physical activity, diet, and smoking. Age and genetics are non-modifiable.
Correct answer is: Physical inactivity
Q.2 Which of the following best describes the concept of 'self-efficacy' in health behavior?
Belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations
A measure of physical fitness
A genetic predisposition to disease
Level of stress a person experiences
Explanation - Self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their ability to perform actions required to achieve specific outcomes, including adopting healthy behaviors.
Correct answer is: Belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations
Q.3 Which lifestyle factor is most directly linked to Type 2 diabetes?
High protein diet
Sedentary behavior
Excessive sleep
Daily meditation
Explanation - A sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity increase the risk of insulin resistance, contributing to Type 2 diabetes.
Correct answer is: Sedentary behavior
Q.4 Which theory emphasizes that people change their behavior based on perceived benefits, barriers, and susceptibility to a health threat?
Health Belief Model
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Explanation - The Health Belief Model suggests that an individual's readiness to act is influenced by perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers.
Correct answer is: Health Belief Model
Q.5 Which of the following is NOT a component of a healthy lifestyle?
Balanced diet
Regular exercise
Smoking
Adequate sleep
Explanation - Smoking is a harmful behavior and is not part of a healthy lifestyle, while diet, exercise, and sleep are core components.
Correct answer is: Smoking
Q.6 Stress management techniques such as mindfulness primarily help in:
Reducing genetic risk
Improving emotional regulation
Increasing cholesterol
Causing dehydration
Explanation - Mindfulness and stress management techniques help regulate emotions, reduce stress levels, and promote healthier behaviors.
Correct answer is: Improving emotional regulation
Q.7 Which of these behaviors is most strongly associated with improved mental health?
Physical activity
Excessive screen time
Skipping meals
Smoking
Explanation - Regular physical activity is linked to reduced depression and anxiety and improved overall mental well-being.
Correct answer is: Physical activity
Q.8 According to the Transtheoretical Model, the first stage of behavior change is:
Action
Maintenance
Contemplation
Precontemplation
Explanation - Precontemplation is when an individual is not yet considering change, while later stages involve contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.
Correct answer is: Precontemplation
Q.9 Which nutrient is most important for preventing osteoporosis in adulthood?
Calcium
Vitamin C
Iron
Vitamin B12
Explanation - Calcium is essential for bone health, and adequate intake reduces the risk of osteoporosis later in life.
Correct answer is: Calcium
Q.10 Which habit is most strongly linked to increased life expectancy?
Regular exercise
Watching TV
Eating fast food daily
Sleeping less than 5 hours
Explanation - Regular physical activity is consistently associated with lower mortality and improved long-term health outcomes.
Correct answer is: Regular exercise
Q.11 Which of the following best defines 'health literacy'?
Ability to read and write in general
Ability to obtain, understand, and use health information
Knowing someone in the medical field
Understanding only nutrition facts
Explanation - Health literacy refers to an individual's ability to access and use information to make informed health decisions.
Correct answer is: Ability to obtain, understand, and use health information
Q.12 Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention behavior?
Vaccination
Chemotherapy
Rehabilitation therapy
Surgery
Explanation - Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs, such as through vaccination, healthy diet, and exercise.
Correct answer is: Vaccination
Q.13 Which of the following best illustrates a sedentary lifestyle?
Jogging daily
Walking to school
Sitting for 8+ hours with minimal activity
Swimming weekly
Explanation - A sedentary lifestyle involves prolonged periods of inactivity, which increases health risks like obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Correct answer is: Sitting for 8+ hours with minimal activity
Q.14 Which factor is considered most influential in adolescent health behaviors?
Peer influence
Sunlight exposure
Genetic mutations
Air quality
Explanation - During adolescence, peer pressure and social norms strongly influence behaviors such as smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity.
Correct answer is: Peer influence
Q.15 Which lifestyle choice can directly reduce the risk of developing hypertension?
High-sodium diet
Regular aerobic exercise
Chronic stress
Smoking
Explanation - Aerobic exercise helps reduce blood pressure and promotes cardiovascular health, lowering the risk of hypertension.
Correct answer is: Regular aerobic exercise
Q.16 Which of the following is most effective in promoting long-term behavior change?
Punishment
Positive reinforcement
Ignoring unhealthy habits
One-time education session
Explanation - Positive reinforcement encourages repeated behavior through rewards, increasing the likelihood of long-term healthy habits.
Correct answer is: Positive reinforcement
Q.17 Which factor is most closely linked to unhealthy eating habits?
Stress
Reading books
Sleeping 8 hours
Walking daily
Explanation - Stress can trigger emotional eating, overeating, and preference for high-calorie, unhealthy foods.
Correct answer is: Stress
Q.18 Which of the following is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for chronic disease?
Smoking
Age
Physical inactivity
Poor diet
Explanation - Non-modifiable risk factors, like age, cannot be changed, whereas lifestyle choices like smoking and diet are modifiable.
Correct answer is: Age
Q.19 Which of these is a psychological benefit of regular physical activity?
Increased anxiety
Improved mood and cognition
Decreased self-esteem
Heightened stress response
Explanation - Physical activity stimulates endorphins and neurotransmitters that enhance mood, reduce stress, and improve cognitive function.
Correct answer is: Improved mood and cognition
Q.20 Which of the following is a key component of sleep hygiene?
Consistent sleep schedule
Drinking coffee before bed
Watching TV in bed
Napping for 4 hours daily
Explanation - Good sleep hygiene includes regular sleep patterns, limiting caffeine before bed, and creating a sleep-conducive environment.
Correct answer is: Consistent sleep schedule
Q.21 Which behavior change strategy involves setting small, achievable goals?
Modeling
Goal-setting
Punishment
Neglect
Explanation - Goal-setting encourages gradual progress and enhances motivation, making behavior change more sustainable.
Correct answer is: Goal-setting
Q.22 Which of the following dietary patterns is linked to lower cardiovascular risk?
Mediterranean diet
High-sugar diet
Fast-food diet
Low-protein diet
Explanation - The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, reduces cardiovascular risk.
Correct answer is: Mediterranean diet
Q.23 Which of these is considered an unhealthy coping mechanism for stress?
Exercise
Smoking
Meditation
Social support
Explanation - Smoking is an unhealthy coping strategy that may provide temporary relief but increases long-term health risks.
Correct answer is: Smoking
Q.24 Which factor is most associated with successful maintenance of healthy behaviors?
Social support
Isolation
Short-term motivation
Ignoring feedback
Explanation - Social support encourages adherence to healthy behaviors by providing motivation, accountability, and resources.
Correct answer is: Social support