Q.1 Which of the following is a common psychological reaction to chronic pain?
Euphoria
Anxiety
Hyperactivity
Improved memory
Explanation - Chronic pain often leads to psychological reactions such as anxiety, depression, and irritability due to the ongoing discomfort and functional limitations.
Correct answer is: Anxiety
Q.2 The biopsychosocial model of chronic illness emphasizes:
Only biological factors
Only social factors
Integration of biological, psychological, and social factors
Only psychological factors
Explanation - The biopsychosocial model highlights that chronic illness and pain are influenced by an interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Correct answer is: Integration of biological, psychological, and social factors
Q.3 Which coping strategy is considered adaptive for managing chronic pain?
Avoiding all activity
Using relaxation and pacing techniques
Ignoring medical advice
Overexerting physically
Explanation - Relaxation techniques, pacing, and cognitive coping strategies help patients manage chronic pain effectively without worsening symptoms.
Correct answer is: Using relaxation and pacing techniques
Q.4 Catastrophizing in chronic pain refers to:
Minimizing pain symptoms
Believing the worst possible outcomes will happen
Ignoring pain completely
Focusing on social support
Explanation - Catastrophizing is a cognitive distortion where individuals amplify the threat of pain and feel helpless, often worsening the pain experience.
Correct answer is: Believing the worst possible outcomes will happen
Q.5 Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with pain modulation?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphins
Acetylcholine
Explanation - Endorphins are endogenous opioids that help reduce pain perception and contribute to pain modulation in the nervous system.
Correct answer is: Endorphins
Q.6 Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic pain primarily focuses on:
Surgery
Medication dosage
Changing negative thoughts and behaviors related to pain
Increasing physical strength only
Explanation - CBT helps patients reframe negative thoughts, develop coping strategies, and reduce disability and distress associated with chronic pain.
Correct answer is: Changing negative thoughts and behaviors related to pain
Q.7 A patient with chronic illness shows reduced physical activity due to fear of pain. This behavior is called:
Pain tolerance
Fear-avoidance
Endurance
Hypervigilance
Explanation - Fear-avoidance refers to avoiding activities due to fear that they will exacerbate pain, often leading to decreased function and disability.
Correct answer is: Fear-avoidance
Q.8 Which of the following is a common effect of chronic pain on sleep?
Insomnia
Hypersomnia only
Increased REM sleep
No effect on sleep
Explanation - Chronic pain often disrupts sleep patterns, leading to difficulties falling or staying asleep, which can further exacerbate pain and fatigue.
Correct answer is: Insomnia
Q.9 Which psychological factor can enhance the perception of chronic pain?
Optimism
Catastrophizing
Positive reinforcement
Mindfulness
Explanation - Negative cognitive patterns like catastrophizing increase attention to pain and amplify the subjective experience of discomfort.
Correct answer is: Catastrophizing
Q.10 Which intervention is considered complementary in managing chronic pain?
Acupuncture
Appendectomy
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Explanation - Acupuncture, along with mindfulness, yoga, and relaxation techniques, is often used as a complementary therapy to reduce chronic pain and improve quality of life.
Correct answer is: Acupuncture
Q.11 Depression in chronic illness patients can:
Reduce pain perception
Exacerbate pain symptoms
Have no effect on pain
Cure chronic illness
Explanation - Depression is commonly comorbid with chronic illness and can amplify the perception of pain, reduce coping abilities, and worsen overall health outcomes.
Correct answer is: Exacerbate pain symptoms
Q.12 Pain self-efficacy refers to:
Belief in one’s ability to manage pain
Amount of medication consumed
Severity of pain symptoms
Doctor’s control over patient’s pain
Explanation - Pain self-efficacy reflects confidence in performing activities despite pain, which is associated with better coping and functional outcomes.
Correct answer is: Belief in one’s ability to manage pain
Q.13 Chronic pain is usually defined as pain lasting for:
Less than 1 week
1–4 weeks
3–6 months or longer
Exactly 2 months
Explanation - Pain that persists beyond the usual healing period (typically over 3–6 months) is considered chronic pain, distinguishing it from acute pain.
Correct answer is: 3–6 months or longer
Q.14 Which of the following is a common outcome of effective pain management?
Improved quality of life
Increased dependency
Heightened anxiety
Increased disability
Explanation - Effective management of chronic pain improves physical functioning, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life.
Correct answer is: Improved quality of life
Q.15 Gate Control Theory of pain suggests that:
Pain signals are purely biological
Pain can be modulated by the nervous system
Pain cannot be influenced by thoughts
Pain is only psychological
Explanation - Gate Control Theory proposes that the spinal cord contains 'gates' that can increase or decrease pain signals before they reach the brain, influenced by physical, emotional, and cognitive factors.
Correct answer is: Pain can be modulated by the nervous system
Q.16 Which social factor can worsen the experience of chronic pain?
Strong social support
Isolation and lack of support
Positive feedback
Community engagement
Explanation - Lack of social support can increase stress and amplify pain perception, while strong support networks often improve coping and outcomes.
Correct answer is: Isolation and lack of support
Q.17 Biofeedback as a pain management technique helps patients:
Directly reduce medication intake
Control physiological processes like muscle tension
Eliminate the source of illness
Increase pain sensitivity
Explanation - Biofeedback trains patients to recognize and control bodily processes, reducing pain intensity and improving relaxation.
Correct answer is: Control physiological processes like muscle tension
Q.18 Which type of chronic pain is associated with nerve damage?
Nociceptive pain
Neuropathic pain
Acute pain
Psychogenic pain
Explanation - Neuropathic pain arises from damage to nerves or the nervous system, often described as burning, tingling, or shooting pain.
Correct answer is: Neuropathic pain
Q.19 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in chronic pain focuses on:
Eliminating pain entirely
Increasing flexibility and acceptance of pain
Avoiding all physical activity
Strict adherence to medications only
Explanation - ACT encourages patients to accept pain rather than fighting it, focus on valued life goals, and engage in meaningful activities despite discomfort.
Correct answer is: Increasing flexibility and acceptance of pain
Q.20 Which factor is NOT typically associated with chronic illness adjustment?
Resilience
Social support
Optimism
Immediate cure expectation
Explanation - Unrealistic expectations for an immediate cure can hinder adjustment, whereas resilience, optimism, and social support aid coping with chronic illness.
Correct answer is: Immediate cure expectation
Q.21 Mindfulness meditation helps chronic pain patients primarily by:
Eliminating nerve damage
Changing pain perception and reducing stress
Increasing medication efficacy only
Curing the underlying disease
Explanation - Mindfulness meditation encourages present-moment awareness, which can decrease emotional reactivity to pain and improve overall coping.
Correct answer is: Changing pain perception and reducing stress
Q.22 Which of the following statements is true regarding chronic pain in older adults?
It is less common than in younger adults
It often coexists with other medical conditions
It never affects sleep
It is always purely psychological
Explanation - Older adults with chronic pain frequently have comorbid conditions like arthritis, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease, complicating treatment and management.
Correct answer is: It often coexists with other medical conditions
Q.23 Which of these is a key component of multidisciplinary pain management?
Only pharmacological treatment
Integration of medical, psychological, and physical therapies
Surgery alone
Ignoring psychological factors
Explanation - Multidisciplinary pain management addresses chronic pain from multiple angles, combining medications, therapy, physical rehab, and psychological interventions for best outcomes.
Correct answer is: Integration of medical, psychological, and physical therapies
Q.24 Learned helplessness in chronic illness patients can result in:
Increased activity levels
Reduced motivation and worsening symptoms
Immediate recovery
Enhanced pain tolerance
Explanation - Learned helplessness arises when patients feel they have no control over their illness, leading to passive coping, reduced motivation, and potentially worse health outcomes.
Correct answer is: Reduced motivation and worsening symptoms