Q.1 Which school of psychology was founded by Wilhelm Wundt?
Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Humanism
Explanation - Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 and is credited with founding structuralism, which focused on breaking down mental processes into their most basic elements.
Correct answer is: Structuralism
Q.2 Who is considered the founder of Functionalism?
William James
John Watson
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
Explanation - William James developed functionalism, emphasizing the purpose of consciousness and behavior rather than its structure.
Correct answer is: William James
Q.3 Which approach in psychology focuses on observable behavior rather than mental processes?
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Structuralism
Gestalt Psychology
Explanation - Behaviorism, founded by John B. Watson, focuses on observable behaviors and the ways they're learned through interaction with the environment.
Correct answer is: Behaviorism
Q.4 Sigmund Freud is most closely associated with which school of thought?
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Structuralism
Humanism
Explanation - Freud founded psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious motives and conflicts as the main drivers of human behavior.
Correct answer is: Psychoanalysis
Q.5 Gestalt psychology emphasizes which principle?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Behavior is learned
Thoughts are measurable
Mind and body are separate
Explanation - Gestalt psychologists believed perception is organized so that the whole experience is more than the sum of its individual components.
Correct answer is: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Q.6 Humanistic psychology focuses primarily on:
Free will and personal growth
Unconscious drives
Observable behavior
Biological instincts
Explanation - Humanism, developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, focuses on self-actualization, free will, and human potential.
Correct answer is: Free will and personal growth
Q.7 Which psychologist is known for classical conditioning experiments with dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John Watson
Carl Jung
Explanation - Pavlov discovered classical conditioning by studying how dogs learned to associate a bell with food.
Correct answer is: Ivan Pavlov
Q.8 Which school of psychology uses introspection as a primary research method?
Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Gestalt Psychology
Explanation - Structuralists used introspection to explore the structure of the mind by examining one's own conscious experience.
Correct answer is: Structuralism
Q.9 Who introduced the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Carl Rogers
Sigmund Freud
Explanation - B.F. Skinner developed operant conditioning, studying how behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments.
Correct answer is: B.F. Skinner
Q.10 Which school emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts?
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Humanism
Functionalism
Explanation - Psychoanalysis focuses on unconscious mental processes and early childhood experiences.
Correct answer is: Psychoanalysis
Q.11 Who is the main founder of Behaviorism?
John B. Watson
William James
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
Explanation - Watson established behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable behaviors rather than inner experiences.
Correct answer is: John B. Watson
Q.12 What is the main idea of Cognitive Psychology?
It focuses on mental processes like memory and thinking
It ignores thoughts and focuses on actions
It studies unconscious desires
It studies the biological basis of emotion
Explanation - Cognitive psychology studies how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.
Correct answer is: It focuses on mental processes like memory and thinking
Q.13 Which school of thought emphasizes the influence of environment on behavior?
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Humanism
Structuralism
Explanation - Behaviorists argue that environment and learning shape behavior through conditioning.
Correct answer is: Behaviorism
Q.14 Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Carl Jung
Explanation - Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs culminating in self-actualization, central to humanistic psychology.
Correct answer is: Abraham Maslow
Q.15 Which perspective emphasizes self-concept and unconditional positive regard?
Humanistic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Psychoanalytic
Explanation - Carl Rogers emphasized self-concept and unconditional positive regard as key to healthy development.
Correct answer is: Humanistic
Q.16 Which school was a reaction against both behaviorism and psychoanalysis?
Humanism
Structuralism
Functionalism
Gestalt Psychology
Explanation - Humanism emerged in response to behaviorism’s determinism and psychoanalysis’s pessimism, emphasizing personal growth.
Correct answer is: Humanism
Q.17 What method did Freud primarily use to uncover unconscious thoughts?
Free association
Introspection
Reinforcement
Observation
Explanation - Freud used free association, encouraging patients to speak freely to reveal unconscious conflicts.
Correct answer is: Free association
Q.18 Which school of psychology studied perception and problem-solving as organized wholes?
Gestalt Psychology
Structuralism
Behaviorism
Functionalism
Explanation - Gestalt psychology examined how people perceive and solve problems holistically rather than through isolated parts.
Correct answer is: Gestalt Psychology
Q.19 The phrase 'Tabula Rasa' or blank slate relates to which school?
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Cognitive Psychology
Structuralism
Explanation - Behaviorists like John Locke and later Watson believed humans are born as a blank slate, shaped by environment.
Correct answer is: Behaviorism
Q.20 Which psychologist emphasized the importance of reinforcement in learning?
B.F. Skinner
Carl Jung
William James
Max Wertheimer
Explanation - Skinner’s operant conditioning theory highlighted reinforcement as key in shaping behavior.
Correct answer is: B.F. Skinner
Q.21 Who co-founded Gestalt psychology?
Max Wertheimer
John Watson
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
Explanation - Max Wertheimer, along with Köhler and Koffka, founded Gestalt psychology focusing on holistic perception.
Correct answer is: Max Wertheimer
Q.22 Cognitive psychology emerged as a reaction to which earlier approach?
Behaviorism
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Humanism
Explanation - Cognitive psychology arose in the 1950s as a response to behaviorism’s neglect of mental processes.
Correct answer is: Behaviorism
Q.23 The main goal of structuralism was to:
Identify the elements of conscious experience
Understand adaptive behavior
Study learning patterns
Analyze unconscious motives
Explanation - Structuralism aimed to analyze the structure of the mind by identifying its basic components.
Correct answer is: Identify the elements of conscious experience
Q.24 Who developed the concept of the collective unconscious?
Carl Jung
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Alfred Adler
Explanation - Carl Jung, a follower of Freud, introduced the idea of a collective unconscious shared among all humans.
Correct answer is: Carl Jung
Q.25 Which school focuses on the purpose of consciousness rather than its structure?
Functionalism
Structuralism
Behaviorism
Humanism
Explanation - Functionalists studied the purpose of mental processes and behavior in adapting to the environment.
Correct answer is: Functionalism