Q.1 Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of biological drives in behavior?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Drive Theory
Self-Determination Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
Explanation - Drive theory suggests that behavior is motivated by biological needs that create internal drives, such as hunger or thirst.
Correct answer is: Drive Theory
Q.2 According to Maslow, which need comes immediately after physiological needs?
Self-actualization
Esteem needs
Safety needs
Love and belongingness
Explanation - Maslow's hierarchy places safety needs (security, protection) directly above physiological needs (food, water).
Correct answer is: Safety needs
Q.3 Intrinsic motivation refers to:
Motivation driven by external rewards
Motivation driven by internal satisfaction
Motivation driven by punishment avoidance
Motivation driven by social recognition
Explanation - Intrinsic motivation comes from within, such as enjoyment or personal growth, rather than external rewards.
Correct answer is: Motivation driven by internal satisfaction
Q.4 Which theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal?
Arousal Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Drive Theory
Incentive Theory
Explanation - Arousal theory proposes that individuals seek to maintain an optimal state of physiological and mental activation.
Correct answer is: Arousal Theory
Q.5 Which type of motivation is associated with performing an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment?
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Biological
Cognitive
Explanation - Extrinsic motivation involves behavior driven by external incentives like money, grades, or recognition.
Correct answer is: Extrinsic
Q.6 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory divides workplace factors into:
Motivators and Hygiene factors
Intrinsic and Extrinsic needs
Primary and Secondary drives
Arousal and Stress factors
Explanation - Herzberg proposed that motivators (achievement, recognition) increase satisfaction, while hygiene factors (salary, work conditions) prevent dissatisfaction.
Correct answer is: Motivators and Hygiene factors
Q.7 According to self-determination theory, which of these is a basic psychological need?
Wealth
Autonomy
Fame
Competition
Explanation - Self-determination theory identifies autonomy, competence, and relatedness as essential psychological needs for motivation.
Correct answer is: Autonomy
Q.8 Which motivational concept explains why people continue engaging in tasks even after external rewards are removed?
Extrinsic motivation
Drive Theory
Intrinsic motivation
Homeostasis
Explanation - Intrinsic motivation sustains behavior through internal satisfaction, independent of external rewards.
Correct answer is: Intrinsic motivation
Q.9 Goal-setting theory suggests that:
Vague goals increase motivation
Specific and challenging goals increase performance
Goals have no impact on behavior
Motivation is purely biological
Explanation - Locke and Latham’s goal-setting theory emphasizes that clear, challenging goals enhance motivation and achievement.
Correct answer is: Specific and challenging goals increase performance
Q.10 Which theory links motivation to expectations of success and value of outcomes?
Expectancy Theory
Drive Theory
Self-Determination Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy
Explanation - Expectancy theory posits that motivation depends on the expected probability of success and the perceived value of the reward.
Correct answer is: Expectancy Theory
Q.11 According to McClelland, which need is associated with the desire for achievement?
Need for Affiliation
Need for Power
Need for Achievement
Need for Security
Explanation - McClelland identified the need for achievement as a drive to excel and succeed according to personal standards.
Correct answer is: Need for Achievement
Q.12 Which type of motivation is strongest when a task is enjoyable or meaningful to the individual?
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Avoidance
Compliance
Explanation - Intrinsic motivation arises from enjoyment or personal interest, making the activity itself rewarding.
Correct answer is: Intrinsic
Q.13 The Yerkes-Dodson law relates motivation to:
Optimal arousal and performance
Hierarchy of needs
External rewards
Homeostasis
Explanation - The law suggests there is an optimal level of arousal for peak performance; too low or too high arousal reduces performance.
Correct answer is: Optimal arousal and performance
Q.14 Which motivational concept explains why individuals might work harder when they have more control over their tasks?
Competence
Autonomy
Extrinsic motivation
Drive reduction
Explanation - Autonomy enhances motivation by giving individuals control over their actions and decisions.
Correct answer is: Autonomy
Q.15 Which of the following is a biological drive?
Desire for fame
Hunger
Achievement in exams
Social approval
Explanation - Biological drives are innate physiological needs, such as hunger, thirst, or sex.
Correct answer is: Hunger
Q.16 Which theory states that people are motivated to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs?
Drive Theory
Incentive Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Self-Determination Theory
Explanation - Drive theory posits that unmet biological needs create tension, motivating behaviors to reduce it.
Correct answer is: Drive Theory
Q.17 Which of the following is considered a higher-level need in Maslow's hierarchy?
Food
Safety
Esteem
Shelter
Explanation - Esteem needs, including respect and achievement, are higher-level needs after physiological, safety, and love needs.
Correct answer is: Esteem
Q.18 According to Herzberg, which factor is likely to cause dissatisfaction if absent but does not necessarily increase motivation?
Achievement
Recognition
Salary
Responsibility
Explanation - Hygiene factors, like salary, prevent dissatisfaction but do not inherently motivate employees.
Correct answer is: Salary
Q.19 Which motivational theory emphasizes rewards and punishments as primary drivers of behavior?
Incentive Theory
Drive Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy
Self-Determination Theory
Explanation - Incentive theory states that external rewards or punishments drive behavior rather than internal needs.
Correct answer is: Incentive Theory
Q.20 What is the main difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic comes from within; extrinsic comes from outside
Intrinsic involves rewards; extrinsic involves punishment
Intrinsic is weaker than extrinsic
There is no difference
Explanation - Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal satisfaction, while extrinsic is driven by external rewards or consequences.
Correct answer is: Intrinsic comes from within; extrinsic comes from outside
Q.21 McClelland’s need for power is best described as:
Desire to form friendships
Desire to influence and control others
Desire to achieve personal goals
Desire for physical comfort
Explanation - The need for power motivates individuals to influence, lead, or control others.
Correct answer is: Desire to influence and control others
Q.22 Which of these is an example of an extrinsic motivator?
Personal satisfaction from learning
Receiving a scholarship for good grades
Enjoyment of painting
Sense of accomplishment
Explanation - Extrinsic motivators come from external rewards such as money, prizes, or recognition.
Correct answer is: Receiving a scholarship for good grades
Q.23 According to the arousal theory, if arousal is too low:
Performance decreases
Motivation is unaffected
Performance is optimal
Motivation becomes extrinsic
Explanation - Low arousal can lead to boredom and underperformance, while moderate arousal often optimizes performance.
Correct answer is: Performance decreases
Q.24 Which theory suggests that behavior is motivated by expected outcomes and their perceived value?
Expectancy Theory
Drive Theory
Arousal Theory
Herzberg’s Theory
Explanation - Expectancy theory explains motivation as a function of anticipated success and the desirability of the outcome.
Correct answer is: Expectancy Theory