Q.1 Which type of memory is responsible for temporarily holding information for immediate use?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Procedural memory
Explanation - Short-term memory temporarily holds information for immediate tasks, typically lasting around 20-30 seconds.
Correct answer is: Short-term memory
Q.2 The process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory is called:
Encoding
Retrieval
Storage
Consolidation
Explanation - Encoding is the process of converting sensory information into a format that can be stored in memory.
Correct answer is: Encoding
Q.3 Which type of memory has the largest capacity but the shortest duration?
Short-term memory
Working memory
Sensory memory
Episodic memory
Explanation - Sensory memory can hold large amounts of information but only for a very brief period (milliseconds to seconds).
Correct answer is: Sensory memory
Q.4 The inability to remember events that occurred before a brain injury is called:
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Infantile amnesia
Source amnesia
Explanation - Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memories formed before a brain injury.
Correct answer is: Retrograde amnesia
Q.5 Which memory system is responsible for conscious recollection of facts and events?
Procedural memory
Declarative memory
Implicit memory
Sensory memory
Explanation - Declarative memory involves consciously accessible facts (semantic) and events (episodic).
Correct answer is: Declarative memory
Q.6 Chunking improves memory by:
Increasing memory capacity
Enhancing retrieval speed
Shortening memory duration
Creating new sensory inputs
Explanation - Chunking organizes information into meaningful units, allowing more information to be held in short-term memory.
Correct answer is: Increasing memory capacity
Q.7 Which neurotransmitter is most associated with memory formation?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
GABA
Explanation - Acetylcholine plays a key role in learning and memory processes, particularly in the hippocampus.
Correct answer is: Acetylcholine
Q.8 The 'serial position effect' demonstrates that:
People remember the middle items best
Memory is unaffected by item position
People remember first and last items better
People only remember the first item
Explanation - The serial position effect shows better recall for items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list.
Correct answer is: People remember first and last items better
Q.9 Procedural memory is a type of:
Explicit memory
Implicit memory
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Explanation - Procedural memory involves skills and tasks learned without conscious awareness, making it a type of implicit memory.
Correct answer is: Implicit memory
Q.10 Which phenomenon occurs when previously learned information interferes with new learning?
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference
Cue-dependent forgetting
Decay theory
Explanation - Proactive interference occurs when old memories disrupt the learning of new information.
Correct answer is: Proactive interference
Q.11 The memory loss experienced for events immediately after a traumatic incident is called:
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Transient global amnesia
Infantile amnesia
Explanation - Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories following a brain injury or trauma.
Correct answer is: Anterograde amnesia
Q.12 Which part of the brain is most crucial for the formation of new long-term memories?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Explanation - The hippocampus plays a key role in consolidating short-term memories into long-term storage.
Correct answer is: Hippocampus
Q.13 Episodic memory refers to:
Memory of skills and actions
Memory of facts and concepts
Memory of personal experiences
Memory of sounds only
Explanation - Episodic memory stores information about personal events and experiences, often with context and time.
Correct answer is: Memory of personal experiences
Q.14 Semantic memory stores:
How to ride a bike
Events from your life
Facts and general knowledge
Visual images only
Explanation - Semantic memory is a type of declarative memory that stores facts, concepts, and general knowledge.
Correct answer is: Facts and general knowledge
Q.15 Which theory explains forgetting as a gradual fading of memory traces over time?
Interference theory
Decay theory
Motivated forgetting
Encoding failure
Explanation - Decay theory suggests that memories weaken or fade over time if they are not accessed or rehearsed.
Correct answer is: Decay theory
Q.16 Flashbulb memories are:
Highly detailed and vivid memories of significant events
Memories of routine tasks
Short-term memories only
Memories that are always inaccurate
Explanation - Flashbulb memories involve strong emotional events and are remembered with unusually high clarity.
Correct answer is: Highly detailed and vivid memories of significant events
Q.17 The method of loci is a mnemonic technique that involves:
Rhyming words
Imagining items in familiar locations
Repetition only
Using acronyms
Explanation - The method of loci helps memory by associating information with specific physical locations in your mind.
Correct answer is: Imagining items in familiar locations
Q.18 Which is an example of implicit memory?
Recalling your first day at school
Knowing how to tie shoelaces
Remembering a historical fact
Recalling your address
Explanation - Implicit memory involves skills and procedures that are performed automatically without conscious recall.
Correct answer is: Knowing how to tie shoelaces
Q.19 Context-dependent memory suggests that:
Memory improves when recall occurs in the same environment as learning
Memory is unaffected by context
Memories are stored only in the hippocampus
Memory declines with time regardless of context
Explanation - Context-dependent memory shows that environmental cues present during learning can enhance retrieval.
Correct answer is: Memory improves when recall occurs in the same environment as learning
Q.20 Source amnesia occurs when a person:
Forgets the origin of a memory
Cannot remember long-term events
Cannot form new memories
Remembers only traumatic events
Explanation - Source amnesia is when one remembers information but forgets where or how it was acquired.
Correct answer is: Forgets the origin of a memory
Q.21 Which technique involves repeating information to keep it in short-term memory?
Rehearsal
Encoding
Consolidation
Interference
Explanation - Rehearsal involves conscious repetition of information to maintain it in short-term memory or encode it into long-term memory.
Correct answer is: Rehearsal
Q.22 Infantile amnesia refers to:
Memory loss due to trauma
Inability to recall early childhood memories
Difficulty learning new skills
Loss of semantic knowledge
Explanation - Infantile amnesia is the phenomenon where adults cannot recall memories from the first few years of life.
Correct answer is: Inability to recall early childhood memories
Q.23 Which memory strategy involves grouping related items to aid recall?
Chunking
Rehearsal
Elaboration
Interference
Explanation - Chunking organizes information into meaningful units, improving short-term memory retention.
Correct answer is: Chunking
Q.24 Which type of amnesia prevents the formation of new memories after an injury?
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Transient amnesia
Infantile amnesia
Explanation - Anterograde amnesia results in the inability to form new long-term memories after the onset of the condition.
Correct answer is: Anterograde amnesia
Q.25 Which of the following best describes working memory?
A passive storage of information
A system for temporarily manipulating and storing information
Long-term storage of facts
Automatic procedural memory
Explanation - Working memory not only holds information temporarily but also actively manipulates it for cognitive tasks.
Correct answer is: A system for temporarily manipulating and storing information