Q.1 Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal occurs before the emotion is experienced?
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter-Singer Theory
Lazarus Theory
Explanation - The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions result from our awareness of physiological reactions to stimuli. For example, we feel fear because we notice our heart racing.
Correct answer is: James-Lange Theory
Q.2 According to the Cannon-Bard theory, emotions and physiological responses occur:
Sequentially, one after the other
Simultaneously
Only after cognitive appraisal
Only after behavior occurs
Explanation - Cannon-Bard theory suggests that emotional experience and physiological reactions happen at the same time, not in sequence.
Correct answer is: Simultaneously
Q.3 Which of the following is considered a basic emotion according to Paul Ekman?
Jealousy
Guilt
Happiness
Shame
Explanation - Ekman identified six basic emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise, which are universal across cultures.
Correct answer is: Happiness
Q.4 The two-factor theory of emotion emphasizes the importance of:
Physiological arousal and cognitive label
Behavior and culture
Genetics and environment
Subconscious desires and motivation
Explanation - Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory states that emotion is based on physiological arousal and the cognitive interpretation of that arousal.
Correct answer is: Physiological arousal and cognitive label
Q.5 Which part of the brain is most closely associated with fear responses?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Prefrontal Cortex
Explanation - The amygdala plays a key role in processing fear and other emotions related to survival.
Correct answer is: Amygdala
Q.6 What is the main focus of the facial feedback hypothesis?
Facial expressions can influence emotions
Emotions are universal
Emotions are learned socially
Cognitive appraisal triggers emotion
Explanation - The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that making a facial expression can influence the emotional experience, such as smiling increasing happiness.
Correct answer is: Facial expressions can influence emotions
Q.7 Which hormone is primarily associated with stress and emotional arousal?
Cortisol
Insulin
Melatonin
Serotonin
Explanation - Cortisol is a stress hormone released by the adrenal glands and is closely linked to emotional arousal and stress response.
Correct answer is: Cortisol
Q.8 Which emotion is considered a 'self-conscious' emotion?
Pride
Anger
Fear
Surprise
Explanation - Self-conscious emotions, such as pride, guilt, shame, and embarrassment, require self-awareness and understanding of social standards.
Correct answer is: Pride
Q.9 According to Lazarus, cognitive appraisal is important because:
It determines the type and intensity of emotion
It triggers only physiological arousal
It is irrelevant to emotional experience
It only affects memory
Explanation - Lazarus emphasized that emotions are determined by our appraisal of events and their significance to our well-being.
Correct answer is: It determines the type and intensity of emotion
Q.10 Which of the following is NOT a component of emotion?
Physiological arousal
Behavioral response
Cognitive interpretation
Logical reasoning
Explanation - Emotion typically involves physiological arousal, behavior (expressions), and cognitive appraisal, but not necessarily logical reasoning.
Correct answer is: Logical reasoning
Q.11 Which theory suggests that emotions arise from the perception of bodily changes?
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Two-Factor Theory
Opponent-Process Theory
Explanation - James-Lange theory posits that the perception of physiological changes (like a racing heart) is what leads to the experience of emotion.
Correct answer is: James-Lange Theory
Q.12 In emotional regulation, reappraisal refers to:
Changing how one thinks about a situation
Suppressing all emotions
Ignoring physiological arousal
Expressing emotion outwardly
Explanation - Cognitive reappraisal involves altering one’s interpretation of a situation to change its emotional impact.
Correct answer is: Changing how one thinks about a situation
Q.13 Which of the following is a primary function of emotions?
Guiding behavior
Increasing IQ
Eliminating stress permanently
Enhancing memory only
Explanation - Emotions help guide behavior by signaling what is important, motivating actions, and aiding social communication.
Correct answer is: Guiding behavior
Q.14 Which emotion is most closely linked with the neurotransmitter dopamine?
Pleasure
Fear
Sadness
Disgust
Explanation - Dopamine is associated with reward, motivation, and pleasurable feelings, making it key in experiencing happiness and pleasure.
Correct answer is: Pleasure
Q.15 What does the opponent-process theory of emotion propose?
Emotions are followed by opposing emotions to maintain balance
Emotions are identical across cultures
Emotions are solely biologically determined
Emotions arise from social learning only
Explanation - Solomon's opponent-process theory states that an intense emotion is followed by an opposite emotional reaction to restore equilibrium.
Correct answer is: Emotions are followed by opposing emotions to maintain balance
Q.16 Which of these is an example of a complex emotion?
Guilt
Anger
Fear
Surprise
Explanation - Complex emotions, unlike basic emotions, involve self-reflection and social context, such as guilt, shame, or pride.
Correct answer is: Guilt
Q.17 Which part of the brain helps in interpreting emotional expressions of others?
Amygdala
Occipital Lobe
Cerebellum
Medulla
Explanation - The amygdala plays a critical role in recognizing and responding to emotional expressions in others.
Correct answer is: Amygdala
Q.18 Which term refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions?
Emotional intelligence
Cognitive flexibility
Self-actualization
Behavioral adaptation
Explanation - Emotional intelligence is the capacity to recognize one’s own emotions and those of others, and to regulate them effectively.
Correct answer is: Emotional intelligence
Q.19 Which of the following is an example of physiological arousal in emotion?
Increased heart rate when anxious
Feeling sad after watching a movie
Remembering a happy event
Choosing a snack based on mood
Explanation - Physiological arousal refers to bodily responses such as heart rate, sweating, or adrenaline release linked to emotions.
Correct answer is: Increased heart rate when anxious
Q.20 Which psychologist is associated with the study of universal facial expressions?
Paul Ekman
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
Explanation - Paul Ekman conducted cross-cultural studies showing that basic emotions are expressed through similar facial expressions worldwide.
Correct answer is: Paul Ekman
Q.21 Fear, anger, and disgust are classified as:
Basic emotions
Self-conscious emotions
Social emotions
Learned emotions
Explanation - Basic emotions are innate, universal, and directly linked to survival, such as fear, anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise.
Correct answer is: Basic emotions
Q.22 Which process involves hiding or controlling outward emotional expressions?
Emotional suppression
Reappraisal
Cognitive labeling
Emotional contagion
Explanation - Emotional suppression is a regulation strategy where individuals inhibit the outward display of their emotions.
Correct answer is: Emotional suppression
Q.23 Emotional contagion refers to:
The spread of emotions from one person to another
The physical symptoms of emotion
The cognitive appraisal of emotion
The hormonal basis of emotion
Explanation - Emotional contagion occurs when people unconsciously mimic and synchronize expressions, vocalizations, and movements, leading to shared emotions.
Correct answer is: The spread of emotions from one person to another
Q.24 Which of the following statements aligns with the cognitive-mediational theory of emotion?
Cognitive appraisal precedes emotional response
Emotion is independent of thought
Emotion follows only physiological arousal
All emotions are genetically predetermined
Explanation - Lazarus’ cognitive-mediational theory posits that our interpretation of an event determines the emotion we feel.
Correct answer is: Cognitive appraisal precedes emotional response