Q.1 Which of the following is a primary goal of a forensic interview?
To gather accurate information
To coerce a confession
To entertain the suspect
To provide therapy
Explanation - The main goal of forensic interviews is to obtain reliable and accurate information, not to coerce or entertain.
Correct answer is: To gather accurate information
Q.2 What is the Reid Technique primarily used for?
Evidence collection
Interviewing witnesses
Interrogating suspects
Crime scene analysis
Explanation - The Reid Technique is a structured method specifically designed for interrogating suspects and detecting deception.
Correct answer is: Interrogating suspects
Q.3 Active listening in interviews helps to:
Identify lies immediately
Build rapport and gather more information
Force the suspect to confess
Record evidence silently
Explanation - Active listening encourages the interviewee to share more information by making them feel heard and understood.
Correct answer is: Build rapport and gather more information
Q.4 Which of the following is a warning sign of deception during an interview?
Consistent eye contact
Sudden changes in speech patterns
Normal breathing
Open body posture
Explanation - Deceptive behavior may include abrupt changes in speech rate, tone, or hesitation, which can indicate stress or lying.
Correct answer is: Sudden changes in speech patterns
Q.5 Cognitive interviews are particularly useful for:
Suspect confessions
Witness memory retrieval
Lie detection
Courtroom persuasion
Explanation - Cognitive interviewing techniques help witnesses recall events in detail without leading questions or pressure.
Correct answer is: Witness memory retrieval
Q.6 Which type of question is least likely to lead to false information?
Leading questions
Open-ended questions
Yes/no questions
Multiple-choice questions
Explanation - Open-ended questions allow the interviewee to provide their own account, reducing the risk of suggestion or bias.
Correct answer is: Open-ended questions
Q.7 The PEACE model emphasizes:
Coercion for confessions
Preparation and ethical interviewing
Rapid interrogation
Use of polygraph
Explanation - PEACE stands for Planning, Engage, Account, Closure, and Evaluate, focusing on ethical and effective interview techniques.
Correct answer is: Preparation and ethical interviewing
Q.8 Rapport-building in interviews is important because:
It intimidates the suspect
It encourages voluntary disclosure
It eliminates the need for questions
It ensures a confession
Explanation - Building rapport creates a trusting environment, increasing the likelihood of the interviewee providing truthful information.
Correct answer is: It encourages voluntary disclosure
Q.9 Which nonverbal cue is commonly monitored during forensic interviews?
Footwear choice
Eye movement and gestures
Clothing color
Favorite hand
Explanation - Interviewers often observe body language, facial expressions, and eye movement for signs of stress or deception.
Correct answer is: Eye movement and gestures
Q.10 A hostile or defensive reaction during questioning may indicate:
High accuracy in statements
Discomfort or fear
Complete honesty
Interest in the interview
Explanation - Hostility or defensiveness often signals stress, anxiety, or fear, which may affect the quality of responses.
Correct answer is: Discomfort or fear
Q.11 Leading questions should be avoided because they:
Encourage detailed responses
Introduce bias into testimony
Clarify ambiguous facts
Are easier to analyze
Explanation - Leading questions suggest answers, which can distort memory and reduce accuracy in forensic interviews.
Correct answer is: Introduce bias into testimony
Q.12 Which technique involves asking a suspect to recount events in reverse order?
Cognitive interview
Reid Technique
Sequential questioning
Reverse chronology method
Explanation - The cognitive interview includes strategies like reverse order recall to improve memory retrieval and detect inconsistencies.
Correct answer is: Cognitive interview
Q.13 Minimization in interrogation refers to:
Exaggerating consequences
Downplaying the seriousness of the offense
Recording the interview
Asking open-ended questions
Explanation - Minimization is a technique to make the suspect feel less guilty and more likely to confess.
Correct answer is: Downplaying the seriousness of the offense
Q.14 Maximization techniques aim to:
Increase perceived seriousness and consequences
Reduce the suspect's anxiety
Improve witness recall
Document statements neutrally
Explanation - Maximization creates pressure by exaggerating consequences to elicit confessions, often ethically controversial.
Correct answer is: Increase perceived seriousness and consequences
Q.15 The primary difference between an interview and an interrogation is:
Interviews are casual, interrogations are formal
Interviews gather information, interrogations seek admissions
Interviews involve suspects, interrogations involve witnesses
Interviews are always audio-recorded, interrogations are not
Explanation - Interviews are fact-finding conversations, while interrogations are designed to elicit admissions or confessions.
Correct answer is: Interviews gather information, interrogations seek admissions
Q.16 Which of the following is NOT recommended during suspect interviews?
Building rapport
Using threatening language
Listening actively
Asking open-ended questions
Explanation - Threatening or coercive language can lead to false confessions and is unethical.
Correct answer is: Using threatening language
Q.17 Silence during an interview can be effective because:
It confuses the interviewee
It encourages further voluntary disclosure
It ends the interview
It prevents stress
Explanation - Strategic use of silence can prompt the interviewee to provide more information without pressure.
Correct answer is: It encourages further voluntary disclosure
Q.18 Which factor is crucial for the reliability of a suspect’s statement?
The suspect's attire
The ethical conduct of the interviewer
The length of the interrogation
The room temperature
Explanation - Statements are more reliable when obtained through ethical, non-coercive methods.
Correct answer is: The ethical conduct of the interviewer
Q.19 Use of deception in interrogation is:
Always illegal
Legally permissible in some jurisdictions
Recommended for all interviews
Never studied in psychology
Explanation - Some interrogation techniques allow strategic deception, but its legality and ethicality vary by region.
Correct answer is: Legally permissible in some jurisdictions
Q.20 Which of these is a psychological factor that can influence interrogation outcomes?
Suspect's stress levels
Time of day
Type of recording device
Weather outside
Explanation - Stress, anxiety, and fatigue can affect the suspect's responses and susceptibility to suggestion.
Correct answer is: Suspect's stress levels
Q.21 Free recall is best described as:
Answering yes/no questions
Providing an account without prompts
Selecting from multiple choices
Following a scripted response
Explanation - Free recall allows interviewees to report events in their own words, improving accuracy.
Correct answer is: Providing an account without prompts
Q.22 Which of the following can increase the risk of false confessions?
Prolonged interrogation and high-pressure tactics
Cognitive interviews
Rapport-building
Open-ended questions
Explanation - Extended interrogations and pressure can lead innocent individuals to confess falsely due to stress or coercion.
Correct answer is: Prolonged interrogation and high-pressure tactics
Q.23 Documentation during interviews is important because:
It helps avoid disputes over statements
It intimidates the suspect
It replaces ethical interviewing
It guarantees confession
Explanation - Accurate documentation ensures statements are recorded clearly, protecting both the suspect and the investigation.
Correct answer is: It helps avoid disputes over statements
Q.24 Which approach emphasizes a non-accusatory style and allows suspects to explain their perspective?
Confrontational interrogation
PEACE model
Maximization
Minimization
Explanation - The PEACE model prioritizes ethical, non-accusatory methods, giving suspects the opportunity to provide their version of events.
Correct answer is: PEACE model