Q.1 Which of the following best explains the evolutionary purpose of emotions?
To make humans more artistic
To enhance survival and reproductive success
To reduce cognitive abilities
To create social hierarchies
Explanation - Emotions evolved because they help individuals respond adaptively to environmental challenges, thereby increasing survival and reproductive success.
Correct answer is: To enhance survival and reproductive success
Q.2 The concept of 'approach and avoidance motivation' is central to understanding which aspect of evolutionary psychology?
Learning styles
Motivational behavior
Language acquisition
Memory retention
Explanation - Approach and avoidance motivations evolved to help organisms move toward beneficial stimuli (approach) and away from harmful stimuli (avoidance), aiding survival.
Correct answer is: Motivational behavior
Q.3 Which emotion is considered crucial for human survival because it signals threat?
Happiness
Sadness
Fear
Surprise
Explanation - Fear triggers rapid physiological responses to danger, enhancing the chances of survival.
Correct answer is: Fear
Q.4 From an evolutionary perspective, why might jealousy have developed?
To encourage artistic expression
To protect valuable social bonds and ensure reproductive success
To promote sleep
To increase appetite
Explanation - Jealousy can motivate individuals to protect relationships and prevent the loss of mates, which directly affects reproductive fitness.
Correct answer is: To protect valuable social bonds and ensure reproductive success
Q.5 Which theory suggests that emotions are adaptive responses to recurrent environmental challenges?
Drive reduction theory
James-Lange theory
Evolutionary theory of emotion
Cognitive dissonance theory
Explanation - The evolutionary theory of emotion posits that emotions evolved to solve specific adaptive problems encountered by our ancestors.
Correct answer is: Evolutionary theory of emotion
Q.6 The 'fight or flight' response is primarily associated with which emotion?
Sadness
Fear
Disgust
Happiness
Explanation - Fear activates physiological changes that prepare the body to confront or escape threats, a classic survival mechanism.
Correct answer is: Fear
Q.7 Which of the following motivations is considered a basic evolutionary drive?
Achievement motivation
Food and water seeking
Artistic motivation
Curiosity about technology
Explanation - Basic evolutionary drives like hunger and thirst ensure survival and are fundamental to life.
Correct answer is: Food and water seeking
Q.8 Attachment behaviors in infants, such as crying when separated from caregivers, can be explained evolutionarily as:
Random social habits
Strategies to secure parental protection and care
A method to practice vocalization
Ways to display intelligence
Explanation - Infant attachment behaviors evolved to ensure survival by keeping caregivers close and responsive.
Correct answer is: Strategies to secure parental protection and care
Q.9 Which emotion helps humans avoid contamination and disease?
Anger
Disgust
Surprise
Joy
Explanation - Disgust motivates avoidance of spoiled food, waste, or pathogens, promoting health and survival.
Correct answer is: Disgust
Q.10 Reciprocal altruism is motivated by which type of emotion?
Fear
Guilt and gratitude
Sadness
Jealousy
Explanation - Emotions like guilt and gratitude help maintain cooperative relationships by encouraging reciprocity and fairness.
Correct answer is: Guilt and gratitude
Q.11 Happiness can be seen as an adaptive emotion because:
It reduces social interaction
It signals safety and encourages social bonding
It decreases energy levels
It suppresses learning
Explanation - Positive emotions like happiness promote cooperation, bonding, and the maintenance of social groups, which enhances survival.
Correct answer is: It signals safety and encourages social bonding
Q.12 Anger can be considered adaptive because it:
Encourages withdrawal from society
Helps assert dominance or defend resources
Reduces physical performance
Increases fear responses
Explanation - Anger motivates individuals to defend resources, deter threats, and negotiate social hierarchies, increasing evolutionary fitness.
Correct answer is: Helps assert dominance or defend resources
Q.13 Evolutionary psychologists suggest that sadness may have evolved to:
Encourage social support seeking
Increase reproductive success directly
Enhance competitive aggression
Boost physical strength
Explanation - Sadness signals the need for help and fosters social bonds, which can improve survival during challenging times.
Correct answer is: Encourage social support seeking
Q.14 Which of the following is an example of an emotion that promotes cooperative behavior?
Fear
Guilt
Surprise
Anger
Explanation - Guilt discourages behaviors that harm others and promotes reparative actions, fostering cooperation.
Correct answer is: Guilt
Q.15 Sexual attraction as a motivational drive is considered evolutionary because:
It encourages artistic expression
It ensures reproduction and gene propagation
It improves hunting skills
It reduces social interaction
Explanation - Sexual motivation directly affects reproductive success, ensuring the continuation of genes.
Correct answer is: It ensures reproduction and gene propagation
Q.16 Which emotion is closely linked to learning from mistakes and avoiding future harm?
Fear
Joy
Anger
Disgust
Explanation - Fear helps individuals remember dangers and adapt behavior to avoid future threats.
Correct answer is: Fear
Q.17 The evolutionary function of play behavior in children is primarily to:
Reduce parental attention
Practice skills and social interactions crucial for survival
Develop artistic ability
Promote laziness
Explanation - Play allows children to develop motor, social, and problem-solving skills that improve survival and social competence.
Correct answer is: Practice skills and social interactions crucial for survival
Q.18 Emotions can be viewed as 'information processing shortcuts' because:
They eliminate the need for conscious thought entirely
They provide rapid responses to environmental stimuli crucial for survival
They prevent learning
They slow down decision making
Explanation - Emotions quickly guide behavior in adaptive ways without requiring lengthy cognitive deliberation.
Correct answer is: They provide rapid responses to environmental stimuli crucial for survival
Q.19 Which of the following best illustrates an adaptive function of shame?
To increase isolation
To regulate social behavior and maintain group cohesion
To promote physical aggression
To suppress learning
Explanation - Shame discourages behaviors that may harm social relationships, helping maintain alliances and group cohesion.
Correct answer is: To regulate social behavior and maintain group cohesion
Q.20 Motivations like hunger and thirst are considered primary because:
They are learned through social interaction
They directly support survival
They are culturally influenced
They arise only in adulthood
Explanation - Primary motivations are biologically ingrained drives necessary for survival.
Correct answer is: They directly support survival
Q.21 Which emotion likely evolved to detect violations of social norms and fairness?
Guilt
Disgust
Anger
Fear
Explanation - Anger can motivate individuals to respond to unfair treatment or threats to social order, which is adaptive in maintaining cooperation.
Correct answer is: Anger
Q.22 Parenting motivation is evolutionarily advantageous because it:
Reduces social interaction
Ensures survival of offspring and continuation of genes
Increases individual leisure time
Promotes aggressive competition
Explanation - Caring for offspring increases their chances of survival, ensuring the propagation of parental genes.
Correct answer is: Ensures survival of offspring and continuation of genes
Q.23 Curiosity can be considered adaptive because it:
Encourages exploration and learning of new resources
Reduces energy consumption
Increases social isolation
Suppresses learning
Explanation - Curiosity motivates individuals to explore their environment, enhancing survival and problem-solving abilities.
Correct answer is: Encourages exploration and learning of new resources
Q.24 Which emotion is most associated with maintaining alliances and reciprocal relationships?
Joy
Guilt
Fear
Anger
Explanation - Guilt motivates reparative actions and adherence to social norms, supporting cooperative relationships.
Correct answer is: Guilt
Q.25 The evolutionary perspective on motivation emphasizes:
Cultural learning over biological drives
Behavior shaped by survival and reproductive challenges
Random emotional experiences
Cognitive dissonance exclusively
Explanation - Evolutionary psychology views motivations as adaptive responses that increased fitness in ancestral environments.
Correct answer is: Behavior shaped by survival and reproductive challenges