Q.1 Which of the following best describes 'personal space' in environmental psychology?
The distance one keeps from others to feel comfortable
The physical size of a room
The amount of furniture in a space
The visibility of natural light indoors
Explanation - Personal space refers to the comfortable distance individuals maintain between themselves and others to avoid discomfort or stress in social situations.
Correct answer is: The distance one keeps from others to feel comfortable
Q.2 Crowding in a space typically leads to:
Increased cooperation
Heightened stress and aggression
Improved focus
No effect on social behavior
Explanation - High density environments can cause psychological stress, leading to irritability, aggression, and reduced social interaction.
Correct answer is: Heightened stress and aggression
Q.3 Which term refers to the ability of an environment to satisfy the social and psychological needs of its inhabitants?
Environmental determinism
Environmental affordance
Social permeability
Behavior setting
Explanation - Environmental affordances are features of the environment that facilitate certain behaviors and meet human social and psychological needs.
Correct answer is: Environmental affordance
Q.4 What is the effect of territoriality in shared workspaces?
Increases social conflict
Reduces personal responsibility
Improves organization and privacy
Eliminates stress entirely
Explanation - Territorial behavior allows individuals to claim and personalize spaces, improving privacy, organization, and control over their environment.
Correct answer is: Improves organization and privacy
Q.5 Which of the following is an example of intimate distance in social interaction?
0-18 inches between people
2-4 feet between people
4-12 feet between people
12-25 feet between people
Explanation - Intimate distance is the closest interpersonal space, generally reserved for close relationships and private interactions.
Correct answer is: 0-18 inches between people
Q.6 High-density living environments may lead to which of the following social behaviors?
More frequent social withdrawal
Increased social bonding
Reduced stress levels
Better cognitive performance
Explanation - Crowding often causes stress and overstimulation, resulting in social withdrawal as a coping mechanism.
Correct answer is: More frequent social withdrawal
Q.7 Which psychological concept explains why people feel discomfort when someone invades their personal space?
Proxemics
Behaviorism
Cognitive dissonance
Observational learning
Explanation - Proxemics studies the use of space in human interactions and how distance affects comfort levels and social behavior.
Correct answer is: Proxemics
Q.8 The design of public spaces to encourage social interaction falls under which principle?
Territoriality
Environmental determinism
Sociopetal design
Privacy regulation
Explanation - Sociopetal spaces are arranged to facilitate social interaction, encouraging people to gather and communicate.
Correct answer is: Sociopetal design
Q.9 In environmental psychology, what is 'behavior setting'?
A location where behavior patterns are predictable
A person’s preferred sitting posture
The total number of people in a room
The natural landscape of a park
Explanation - Behavior settings are specific environments that evoke consistent patterns of behavior, like classrooms or offices.
Correct answer is: A location where behavior patterns are predictable
Q.10 Which factor most strongly influences crowding perception?
Cultural background
Furniture color
Number of windows
Floor material
Explanation - Cultural norms significantly affect how much space people feel they need, influencing perceptions of crowding.
Correct answer is: Cultural background
Q.11 Which spatial arrangement encourages group discussion and collaboration?
Circular seating
Rows facing forward
Single file line
Random scattered seating
Explanation - Circular arrangements promote eye contact and equality, fostering discussion and collaborative interaction.
Correct answer is: Circular seating
Q.12 What is the likely psychological effect of a cramped and cluttered workspace?
Enhanced creativity
Reduced stress
Increased distraction and anxiety
Improved social cohesion
Explanation - Cramped, cluttered spaces overstimulate the senses and can negatively impact concentration and mood.
Correct answer is: Increased distraction and anxiety
Q.13 Which of the following is an example of a public territory?
A park bench
A person’s bedroom
A private office
A car
Explanation - Public territories are spaces open to everyone, where control is minimal, unlike private or home spaces.
Correct answer is: A park bench
Q.14 Privacy regulation in shared spaces helps to:
Increase territorial disputes
Reduce stress and maintain autonomy
Eliminate all social interactions
Increase group conformity
Explanation - Allowing individuals to control access to themselves or their space reduces stress and preserves a sense of autonomy.
Correct answer is: Reduce stress and maintain autonomy
Q.15 Which factor contributes least to perceived crowding?
Physical density
Control over space
Noise levels
Wall color
Explanation - While aesthetics may influence mood, perceived crowding is more directly affected by density, control, and noise.
Correct answer is: Wall color
Q.16 Environmental psychology suggests that comfortable spaces lead to:
Improved social interaction
More territorial disputes
Reduced cooperation
Isolation only
Explanation - Spaces designed for comfort and ease promote positive social interactions and collaborative behaviors.
Correct answer is: Improved social interaction
Q.17 In proxemic studies, 'social distance' typically refers to:
4-12 feet between people
0-18 inches
18 inches to 4 feet
More than 25 feet
Explanation - Social distance is maintained in casual or formal interactions with acquaintances, ranging roughly from 4 to 12 feet.
Correct answer is: 4-12 feet between people
Q.18 Which of the following is a common response to high-density urban living?
Increased social tolerance
Social withdrawal and stress
Greater personal space tolerance automatically
No change in behavior
Explanation - Crowding in urban areas can overwhelm individuals, leading to stress and withdrawal to regain control.
Correct answer is: Social withdrawal and stress
Q.19 Territorial markers in a shared office might include:
Personal photos and nameplates
Office lighting
Air conditioning settings
Floor color
Explanation - Markers like personal items signal ownership and help establish personal territory in shared spaces.
Correct answer is: Personal photos and nameplates
Q.20 Which of the following terms describes spaces that inhibit social interaction?
Sociopetal
Sociofugal
Behavior setting
Environmental affordance
Explanation - Sociofugal spaces are designed to discourage interaction, often by seating arrangements or physical barriers.
Correct answer is: Sociofugal
Q.21 How do cultural differences influence personal space?
They do not influence it
Different cultures have varying comfort distances
All cultures maintain 1-meter distance
Only urban cultures vary
Explanation - Cultural norms dictate acceptable interpersonal distances; some cultures tolerate closer contact than others.
Correct answer is: Different cultures have varying comfort distances
Q.22 Which environmental feature is likely to increase social interaction in a plaza?
Benches arranged in circles
High fences and barriers
Sparse seating
Isolated walking paths
Explanation - Circular seating arrangements encourage face-to-face interaction, fostering social engagement.
Correct answer is: Benches arranged in circles
Q.23 Noise levels in a workspace primarily affect:
Social behavior and stress levels
Only aesthetic appeal
Personal identity
Furniture arrangement
Explanation - Excessive noise can lead to stress, distraction, and reduced cooperation in social settings.
Correct answer is: Social behavior and stress levels
Q.24 Which of the following best demonstrates crowding-induced aggression?
Pushing in a crowded train
Sitting quietly at home
Reading alone in a library
Gardening in a backyard
Explanation - High density and lack of personal space can trigger aggressive responses like pushing or verbal outbursts.
Correct answer is: Pushing in a crowded train
Q.25 Behavior settings are influenced by:
Physical environment and social norms
Only individual personality
Astrological signs
Furniture color only
Explanation - Behavior settings arise from the interaction between the environment and expected social behaviors in that context.
Correct answer is: Physical environment and social norms