Q.1 Which factor most strongly influences how individuals perceive their environment?
Physical features of the environment
Social interactions within the environment
Personal experiences and expectations
All of the above
Explanation - Perception of the environment is influenced by physical features, social context, and personal experiences, as all contribute to how one interprets surroundings.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.2 What term describes the mental representation of the spatial layout of an environment?
Environmental cognition
Cognitive mapping
Spatial perception
Environmental appraisal
Explanation - Cognitive mapping refers to how individuals mentally visualize and organize the spatial layout of their surroundings.
Correct answer is: Cognitive mapping
Q.3 Which environmental factor can affect a person's mood and perception?
Lighting
Noise levels
Color schemes
All of the above
Explanation - Lighting, noise, and color schemes all influence human mood and how people perceive and react to their environment.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.4 The concept of 'place attachment' refers to:
Preference for urban over rural areas
Emotional bonds with specific locations
Ability to navigate unknown environments
Perception of natural landscapes only
Explanation - Place attachment is the emotional connection people feel toward particular places, influencing their perceptions and behavior.
Correct answer is: Emotional bonds with specific locations
Q.5 Which sensory modality is most important for immediate perception of environmental hazards?
Auditory
Visual
Olfactory
Tactile
Explanation - Visual perception provides the most immediate and accurate information about environmental hazards, such as obstacles or dangerous situations.
Correct answer is: Visual
Q.6 Environmental perception can be shaped by cultural factors. Which of the following is an example?
Preference for certain architectural styles
Tolerance for crowded public spaces
Interpretation of natural landscapes
All of the above
Explanation - Culture influences how people perceive, interpret, and evaluate environmental features, including architecture, crowding, and nature.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.7 Which environmental psychology theory focuses on how people mentally organize and interpret spatial environments?
Behavior setting theory
Prospect-refuge theory
Cognitive mapping theory
Attention restoration theory
Explanation - Cognitive mapping theory explains how people form mental representations of spatial environments to navigate and make sense of them.
Correct answer is: Cognitive mapping theory
Q.8 Which factor is most likely to reduce accurate perception of environmental details?
High familiarity with the environment
Environmental complexity
Good lighting conditions
Low noise levels
Explanation - High complexity in an environment can overwhelm perceptual processing and reduce the accuracy of environmental perception.
Correct answer is: Environmental complexity
Q.9 The phenomenon where people perceive a space as more spacious due to lighting and color is known as:
Spatial illusion
Depth perception
Visual anchoring
Cognitive mapping
Explanation - Spatial illusion occurs when visual cues like lighting, color, and patterns alter our perception of the size or depth of an environment.
Correct answer is: Spatial illusion
Q.10 Which of the following best describes 'environmental affordances'?
The aesthetic appeal of an environment
The functional possibilities an environment offers to a person
The danger level of a setting
The historical significance of a location
Explanation - Environmental affordances refer to the opportunities for action that the environment provides, such as a chair affording sitting.
Correct answer is: The functional possibilities an environment offers to a person
Q.11 Which psychological process explains why familiar environments are perceived as safer?
Cognitive bias
Habituation
Environmental preference
Spatial learning
Explanation - Habituation is a process where repeated exposure to an environment reduces stress and increases perceptions of safety and predictability.
Correct answer is: Habituation
Q.12 Which concept explains why humans tend to prefer environments where they can see without being seen?
Prospect-refuge theory
Environmental determinism
Behavioral setting theory
Cognitive mapping
Explanation - Prospect-refuge theory posits that humans prefer environments where they can observe (prospect) while remaining protected (refuge), influencing comfort and perception.
Correct answer is: Prospect-refuge theory
Q.13 Noise pollution primarily affects environmental perception by:
Improving focus on visual details
Distracting attention and increasing stress
Enhancing auditory memory
Promoting familiarity with the environment
Explanation - Excessive noise can interfere with concentration, reduce the ability to perceive environmental cues accurately, and increase stress levels.
Correct answer is: Distracting attention and increasing stress
Q.14 Which of the following environmental features is most likely to support restorative experiences?
Natural landscapes
Industrial buildings
Crowded urban streets
Monotonous indoor corridors
Explanation - Exposure to natural environments has been shown to restore attention, reduce stress, and improve perceptions of well-being.
Correct answer is: Natural landscapes
Q.15 How does personal control over an environment affect perception?
It increases comfort and positive evaluation
It reduces attention to environmental details
It has no effect on perception
It only affects perception in natural settings
Explanation - Having control over environmental elements like lighting or layout enhances satisfaction, comfort, and positive perception of the environment.
Correct answer is: It increases comfort and positive evaluation
Q.16 Environmental complexity is often measured by:
Number of sensory stimuli
Structural variety
Patterned arrangement
All of the above
Explanation - Environmental complexity includes the richness of sensory input, variety in structures, and arrangement patterns that influence perception.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.17 Which environmental factor can lead to 'attention fatigue'?
Monotonous or overstimulating surroundings
Moderate natural settings
Familiar home environments
Quiet office spaces
Explanation - Environments that are either highly repetitive or overwhelming can deplete attention resources and impair perception and focus.
Correct answer is: Monotonous or overstimulating surroundings
Q.18 How do landmarks influence environmental perception?
They provide orientation and memory cues
They reduce cognitive load in navigation
They shape emotional attachment to places
All of the above
Explanation - Landmarks help people navigate, reduce mental effort, and often carry emotional significance, shaping perception of the environment.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.19 Which term describes perception influenced by expectations rather than actual environmental input?
Top-down processing
Bottom-up processing
Environmental determinism
Affordance perception
Explanation - Top-down processing uses prior knowledge and expectations to interpret sensory input, influencing how the environment is perceived.
Correct answer is: Top-down processing
Q.20 Which type of environment is typically perceived as more restorative?
Urban areas with greenery
Busy industrial zones
Dark alleyways
Crowded indoor shopping malls
Explanation - Integrating natural elements like plants and trees into urban spaces enhances perception of calmness and restoration.
Correct answer is: Urban areas with greenery
Q.21 Which factor influences perception of safety in an environment?
Lighting
Visibility of escape routes
Presence of other people
All of the above
Explanation - Lighting, visibility, and social presence all contribute to the perception of safety in different environments.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.22 Which concept describes the way environments support or hinder certain behaviors?
Environmental affordances
Cognitive mapping
Place attachment
Attention restoration
Explanation - Affordances are properties of an environment that allow or restrict specific actions, directly influencing perception and behavior.
Correct answer is: Environmental affordances
Q.23 The perception of crowding is primarily influenced by:
Number of people alone
Available space and personal control
Time of day
Cultural norms only
Explanation - Perceived crowding depends on both the density of people and the individual’s sense of control over space.
Correct answer is: Available space and personal control
Q.24 Which environmental feature enhances wayfinding and navigation?
Distinctive landmarks
Uniform architecture
High visual clutter
Unfamiliar layouts
Explanation - Landmarks act as cognitive anchors that aid orientation and memory, facilitating navigation.
Correct answer is: Distinctive landmarks
Q.25 How does stress affect environmental perception?
Enhances attention to minor details
Narrows focus and reduces awareness of surroundings
Has no effect
Improves recognition of social cues only
Explanation - High stress can limit perceptual attention, making people less aware of environmental cues and details.
Correct answer is: Narrows focus and reduces awareness of surroundings