Q.1 Which theory suggests that exposure to natural environments can reduce stress and improve mental well-being?
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Attention Restoration Theory
Social Learning Theory
Theory of Planned Behavior
Explanation - Attention Restoration Theory (ART) proposes that spending time in natural environments helps restore cognitive resources and reduce mental fatigue.
Correct answer is: Attention Restoration Theory
Q.2 Spending time in green spaces is associated with which of the following health benefits?
Lower blood pressure and reduced stress
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Higher levels of anxiety
Decreased immune function
Explanation - Research indicates that exposure to natural environments can improve physiological markers like blood pressure and reduce perceived stress.
Correct answer is: Lower blood pressure and reduced stress
Q.3 Which term refers to the positive emotional response people feel when they experience nature?
Biophilia
Cognitive bias
Social facilitation
Place attachment
Explanation - Biophilia is the innate human tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life, often resulting in positive emotional responses.
Correct answer is: Biophilia
Q.4 Research has shown that urban environments with limited greenery can contribute to:
Increased creativity
Heightened stress and mental fatigue
Improved attention span
Lower anxiety levels
Explanation - Lack of natural elements in urban areas can increase cognitive load and stress, negatively affecting well-being.
Correct answer is: Heightened stress and mental fatigue
Q.5 Which of the following activities is most likely to improve mental well-being through nature interaction?
Watching TV indoors
Gardening in a community park
Scrolling social media
Working late in an office
Explanation - Active engagement with natural environments, such as gardening, can reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall well-being.
Correct answer is: Gardening in a community park
Q.6 Nature exposure has been shown to improve which cognitive function?
Short-term memory only
Sustained attention and concentration
Numerical computation skills exclusively
Language acquisition
Explanation - Time in natural environments can restore attention capacity, improving focus and concentration.
Correct answer is: Sustained attention and concentration
Q.7 The concept of 'forest bathing' originated in which country?
USA
Japan
Sweden
Brazil
Explanation - Shinrin-yoku, or 'forest bathing,' is a Japanese practice of immersing oneself in nature to reduce stress and promote mental well-being.
Correct answer is: Japan
Q.8 Exposure to natural light during the day is linked to:
Disrupted circadian rhythm
Improved sleep quality and mood
Increased stress levels
Reduced immune function
Explanation - Natural daylight helps regulate circadian rhythms, which improves sleep patterns and contributes to positive mood.
Correct answer is: Improved sleep quality and mood
Q.9 Which environmental feature has been shown to increase feelings of social cohesion in communities?
Public green spaces
High-density highways
Industrial zones
Parking lots
Explanation - Shared natural spaces encourage social interaction, community bonding, and a sense of belonging.
Correct answer is: Public green spaces
Q.10 According to research, even brief interactions with nature can:
Have no measurable effect on well-being
Improve mood and reduce stress
Cause cognitive overload
Increase irritability
Explanation - Studies suggest that even short exposure to nature, such as a 10-minute walk in a park, can enhance mood and decrease stress.
Correct answer is: Improve mood and reduce stress
Q.11 Which of the following best describes the 'restorative environment' concept?
Environments that challenge physical endurance
Environments that restore mental energy and reduce stress
Environments that increase cognitive load
Environments with no natural elements
Explanation - Restorative environments, often natural spaces, allow individuals to recover from mental fatigue and stress.
Correct answer is: Environments that restore mental energy and reduce stress
Q.12 Children exposed to natural play environments tend to show:
Higher levels of attention and creativity
Lower social skills
Increased aggression
Reduced physical activity
Explanation - Natural play areas support imaginative play and cognitive development, improving attention span and creativity in children.
Correct answer is: Higher levels of attention and creativity
Q.13 Which psychological concept explains why people feel calmer in natural settings?
Stress Reduction Theory
Operant Conditioning
Cognitive Dissonance
Social Comparison Theory
Explanation - Stress Reduction Theory posits that natural environments trigger physiological and psychological responses that reduce stress.
Correct answer is: Stress Reduction Theory
Q.14 Which type of environment is most strongly associated with attention restoration?
Urban streets with heavy traffic
Natural landscapes with water features
Industrial complexes
Shopping malls
Explanation - Natural environments, especially those with elements like water, engage effortless attention, allowing cognitive restoration.
Correct answer is: Natural landscapes with water features
Q.15 The concept of 'place attachment' refers to:
Physical fitness in natural settings
Emotional bonds people form with specific environments
The legal ownership of land
Memory retention in classrooms
Explanation - Place attachment is the emotional connection individuals develop with meaningful locations, often linked to well-being.
Correct answer is: Emotional bonds people form with specific environments
Q.16 Exposure to natural sounds, such as birdsong, has been shown to:
Increase stress and agitation
Enhance mood and cognitive performance
Reduce social interaction
Interfere with sleep quality
Explanation - Natural auditory stimuli can induce relaxation, improve mood, and boost attention and cognitive function.
Correct answer is: Enhance mood and cognitive performance
Q.17 Which population is particularly likely to benefit from nature exposure for mental health?
Urban residents experiencing high stress
People living in remote rural areas
Individuals with no stress
People who never engage with outdoor spaces
Explanation - Urban populations often face higher levels of stress and can gain significant mental health benefits from natural exposure.
Correct answer is: Urban residents experiencing high stress
Q.18 Gardens designed for therapeutic purposes are known as:
Zen gardens
Healing gardens
Botanical gardens
Community gardens
Explanation - Healing gardens are intentionally designed spaces that promote relaxation, stress reduction, and overall well-being.
Correct answer is: Healing gardens
Q.19 Which of the following best explains why virtual nature experiences can still benefit well-being?
They completely replace the need for real nature
They provide visual and auditory cues that reduce stress
They increase cognitive load
They reduce attention span
Explanation - Even virtual exposure to nature can mimic sensory experiences that help reduce stress and improve mood.
Correct answer is: They provide visual and auditory cues that reduce stress
Q.20 Spending time in nature can lead to which hormonal change associated with stress reduction?
Increase in cortisol
Decrease in cortisol
Increase in adrenaline
Decrease in melatonin
Explanation - Exposure to natural environments has been linked to lower cortisol levels, reflecting reduced physiological stress.
Correct answer is: Decrease in cortisol
Q.21 Which of the following is a key principle of environmental psychology related to well-being?
Designing spaces to enhance cognitive and emotional health
Maximizing population density regardless of environment
Prioritizing technology over natural elements
Focusing only on aesthetics without functionality
Explanation - Environmental psychology emphasizes creating spaces that promote physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being.
Correct answer is: Designing spaces to enhance cognitive and emotional health
Q.22 Urban green roofs contribute to well-being by:
Increasing heat islands
Providing natural spaces for relaxation
Reducing biodiversity
Increasing noise pollution
Explanation - Green roofs introduce vegetation into urban areas, offering restorative spaces that support mental health.
Correct answer is: Providing natural spaces for relaxation
Q.23 Interaction with pets in outdoor settings can improve well-being primarily through:
Increased social isolation
Stress reduction and companionship
Heightened anxiety
Distraction from nature
Explanation - Spending time with animals in natural settings can reduce stress hormones and enhance emotional well-being.
Correct answer is: Stress reduction and companionship
Q.24 The restorative effects of nature are strongest when:
The environment is highly crowded
One engages passively and mindfully with the natural setting
One is multitasking with digital devices
One is exposed to noise and pollution
Explanation - Mindful attention to natural environments enhances their restorative effects by allowing mental and emotional recovery.
Correct answer is: One engages passively and mindfully with the natural setting