Q.1 Which type of assessment is primarily used to inform instruction and improve student learning?
Formative assessment
Summative assessment
Norm-referenced assessment
Standardized testing
Explanation - Formative assessments are conducted during the learning process to provide feedback and guide instructional decisions, rather than to assign final grades.
Correct answer is: Formative assessment
Q.2 A test designed to measure what a student has learned at the end of a course is called:
Diagnostic test
Formative assessment
Summative assessment
Performance assessment
Explanation - Summative assessments evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional period, typically for grading purposes.
Correct answer is: Summative assessment
Q.3 Which assessment type compares a student’s performance to a larger group?
Criterion-referenced
Norm-referenced
Formative
Ipsative
Explanation - Norm-referenced assessments rank students by comparing their scores to the performance of a norm group.
Correct answer is: Norm-referenced
Q.4 Which type of validity refers to the degree a test measures what it claims to measure?
Reliability
Construct validity
Content validity
Criterion validity
Explanation - Construct validity indicates how well a test measures the theoretical construct it is intended to assess.
Correct answer is: Construct validity
Q.5 A test consistently producing the same results over repeated administrations demonstrates:
Validity
Reliability
Objectivity
Generalizability
Explanation - Reliability refers to the consistency of a test in measuring what it is supposed to measure over time or across different situations.
Correct answer is: Reliability
Q.6 Which assessment method requires students to perform a task or produce a product rather than select an answer?
Multiple-choice test
Essay test
Performance assessment
True/False test
Explanation - Performance assessments evaluate students’ ability to apply skills and knowledge in practical tasks.
Correct answer is: Performance assessment
Q.7 Which type of error in testing occurs due to temporary factors like fatigue or distraction?
Systematic error
Random error
Construct error
Scoring error
Explanation - Random errors are unpredictable fluctuations that affect test scores but do not reflect the true ability of the student.
Correct answer is: Random error
Q.8 Criterion-referenced tests measure a student’s performance against:
Other students
Predefined learning objectives
Teacher expectations
National averages
Explanation - Criterion-referenced assessments evaluate whether students have achieved specific skills or knowledge, rather than comparing them to peers.
Correct answer is: Predefined learning objectives
Q.9 In educational assessment, the term 'bias' refers to:
Inaccurate scoring
Favoring certain groups
High reliability
Strict marking
Explanation - Bias occurs when a test unfairly advantages or disadvantages certain groups of students due to cultural, linguistic, or other factors.
Correct answer is: Favoring certain groups
Q.10 Which is an example of formative assessment?
End-of-term final exam
Weekly quizzes with feedback
National standardized test
College entrance exam
Explanation - Formative assessments provide ongoing feedback to improve learning and teaching strategies during instruction.
Correct answer is: Weekly quizzes with feedback
Q.11 Inter-rater reliability is important when:
Multiple tests are used
Different teachers grade the same assessment
A test is repeated over time
Comparing scores to national norms
Explanation - Inter-rater reliability ensures that different evaluators produce similar scores when assessing the same performance.
Correct answer is: Different teachers grade the same assessment
Q.12 A test that predicts future performance is demonstrating:
Concurrent validity
Predictive validity
Content validity
Face validity
Explanation - Predictive validity assesses how well a test forecasts future performance or behavior.
Correct answer is: Predictive validity
Q.13 The primary purpose of diagnostic assessment is to:
Determine final grades
Identify learning difficulties
Compare students to national averages
Certify course completion
Explanation - Diagnostic assessments help teachers identify students' strengths and weaknesses before instruction.
Correct answer is: Identify learning difficulties
Q.14 Which of the following is an example of an authentic assessment?
Multiple-choice test on historical facts
Writing a research paper on a real-world problem
True/False quiz on vocabulary
Fill-in-the-blank worksheet
Explanation - Authentic assessments require students to apply knowledge and skills in real-world contexts, demonstrating meaningful learning.
Correct answer is: Writing a research paper on a real-world problem
Q.15 High-stakes testing refers to assessments that:
Have minimal consequences
Determine significant outcomes like graduation or promotion
Are informal and low-pressure
Only assess skills for practice
Explanation - High-stakes tests have important consequences for students, such as deciding grade promotion or college admissions.
Correct answer is: Determine significant outcomes like graduation or promotion
Q.16 Which type of assessment focuses on students’ progress relative to their own previous performance?
Norm-referenced
Ipsative assessment
Criterion-referenced
Formative assessment
Explanation - Ipsative assessment evaluates learning growth by comparing current performance to prior achievements of the same student.
Correct answer is: Ipsative assessment
Q.17 A multiple-choice test with questions that cover only a small portion of the curriculum lacks:
Reliability
Content validity
Predictive validity
Inter-rater reliability
Explanation - Content validity refers to the extent a test represents all aspects of the subject it aims to assess.
Correct answer is: Content validity
Q.18 The primary goal of assessment in education is to:
Assign numerical grades
Improve student learning and instruction
Rank students nationally
Evaluate teachers only
Explanation - Effective assessment guides teaching, supports learning, and informs educational decisions, not just grading.
Correct answer is: Improve student learning and instruction
Q.19 Which type of test reduces the influence of cultural and language differences?
Standardized test
Performance-based test
Nonverbal test
Multiple-choice test
Explanation - Nonverbal tests use symbols, patterns, or tasks that do not require language proficiency, reducing cultural or linguistic bias.
Correct answer is: Nonverbal test
Q.20 Which principle emphasizes that assessment should be fair, consistent, and unbiased?
Reliability
Validity
Objectivity
Formative assessment
Explanation - Objectivity ensures that assessment outcomes are not influenced by the assessor's personal bias or judgment.
Correct answer is: Objectivity
Q.21 An open-ended essay question primarily assesses:
Recall of facts
Critical thinking and reasoning
Multiple-choice skills
Speed of completion
Explanation - Essay questions allow students to demonstrate higher-order thinking, synthesis, and reasoning skills.
Correct answer is: Critical thinking and reasoning
Q.22 Which of the following is considered a summative assessment tool?
Weekly classroom quiz
End-of-term exam
Teacher observation
In-class discussion
Explanation - Summative assessments are used to evaluate cumulative student learning at the end of a course or unit.
Correct answer is: End-of-term exam
Q.23 Feedback given immediately after a task to guide improvement is an example of:
Summative feedback
Formative feedback
Norm-referenced evaluation
Diagnostic testing
Explanation - Formative feedback provides timely information to help students improve learning while instruction is ongoing.
Correct answer is: Formative feedback
Q.24 An assessment where students rate their own learning progress is known as:
Self-assessment
Peer assessment
Standardized assessment
Teacher assessment
Explanation - Self-assessment encourages learners to reflect on their own performance and identify areas for improvement.
Correct answer is: Self-assessment