Q.1 Which of the following best describes Erikson's stage of 'Industry vs. Inferiority'?
Developing trust in caregivers
Learning to be productive and competent
Forming intimate relationships
Establishing a sense of identity
Explanation - Erikson's 'Industry vs. Inferiority' stage occurs during middle childhood, where children learn skills and gain competence, leading to a sense of industry.
Correct answer is: Learning to be productive and competent
Q.2 Emotional regulation in adolescence primarily involves:
Suppressing all emotions
Understanding and managing emotions appropriately
Experiencing fewer emotions
Ignoring peer feedback
Explanation - Adolescents develop emotional regulation skills that allow them to manage feelings in socially acceptable ways.
Correct answer is: Understanding and managing emotions appropriately
Q.3 Attachment theory was primarily developed by:
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
John Bowlby
Erik Erikson
Explanation - John Bowlby proposed attachment theory, emphasizing the importance of a secure bond between child and caregiver.
Correct answer is: John Bowlby
Q.4 Which type of play helps children develop social skills and cooperation?
Solitary play
Parallel play
Associative play
Functional play
Explanation - Associative play involves children interacting and sharing materials, which fosters social development.
Correct answer is: Associative play
Q.5 During adolescence, self-concept becomes more:
Physical-focused
Socially aware and abstract
Dependent on parents
Unchanging
Explanation - Adolescents develop a more complex self-concept including social roles, personal values, and abstract traits.
Correct answer is: Socially aware and abstract
Q.6 The ability to feel concern for others and act to help them is called:
Empathy
Sympathy
Altruism
Attachment
Explanation - Empathy involves understanding and sharing another's emotional state, which is key in social development.
Correct answer is: Empathy
Q.7 Which of the following best reflects social referencing in infants?
Crying when hungry
Looking at caregiver's reaction in new situations
Playing peek-a-boo
Smiling at familiar faces
Explanation - Infants often observe caregivers' emotional reactions to guide their own responses in uncertain situations.
Correct answer is: Looking at caregiver's reaction in new situations
Q.8 Peer influence is strongest during which developmental period?
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Adolescence
Young adulthood
Explanation - During adolescence, peers significantly influence behavior, identity formation, and social norms.
Correct answer is: Adolescence
Q.9 Which emotion is generally recognized universally across cultures?
Jealousy
Embarrassment
Happiness
Guilt
Explanation - Basic emotions like happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust are universally recognized.
Correct answer is: Happiness
Q.10 Moral development according to Kohlberg is assessed using:
Attachment questionnaires
Cognitive reasoning about dilemmas
Play observation
Emotion recognition tasks
Explanation - Kohlberg assessed moral development by evaluating how individuals reason through moral dilemmas.
Correct answer is: Cognitive reasoning about dilemmas
Q.11 A securely attached child is most likely to:
Avoid contact with the caregiver
Show distress when caregiver leaves and comfort upon return
Ignore the caregiver completely
Be aggressive towards peers
Explanation - Secure attachment is characterized by using the caregiver as a safe base for exploration and seeking comfort when distressed.
Correct answer is: Show distress when caregiver leaves and comfort upon return
Q.12 Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Self-awareness
Empathy
Problem-solving
Impulse control
Explanation - Emotional intelligence involves understanding and managing emotions, not general problem-solving skills.
Correct answer is: Problem-solving
Q.13 Which parenting style is associated with high warmth and high control?
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
Neglectful
Explanation - Authoritative parents combine responsiveness with structure, fostering social and emotional competence.
Correct answer is: Authoritative
Q.14 Which of the following best illustrates prosocial behavior?
Taking a toy from another child
Sharing lunch with a friend
Ignoring someone in need
Complaining loudly
Explanation - Prosocial behavior involves voluntary actions intended to benefit others, like sharing or helping.
Correct answer is: Sharing lunch with a friend
Q.15 Which statement best describes self-esteem development during adolescence?
It remains stable and unchanged
It is solely determined by academic performance
It can fluctuate due to social comparisons
It only depends on parental approval
Explanation - Adolescents’ self-esteem is influenced by peer comparison, body image, and achievements.
Correct answer is: It can fluctuate due to social comparisons
Q.16 The ability to delay gratification is linked to:
Emotional regulation
Attachment style
Moral reasoning
Language development
Explanation - Delaying gratification requires controlling impulses and managing emotions, a key aspect of emotional development.
Correct answer is: Emotional regulation
Q.17 During middle childhood, friendships are typically based on:
Physical appearance
Shared activities and trust
Parental approval
Proximity to home only
Explanation - Children in middle childhood value friends for companionship, shared interests, and reliability.
Correct answer is: Shared activities and trust
Q.18 Which factor most influences emotional development in early childhood?
Peer competition
Parent-child interactions
School grades
Media exposure
Explanation - Consistent, sensitive caregiving helps children develop secure attachment and healthy emotional skills.
Correct answer is: Parent-child interactions
Q.19 Guilt and shame are examples of:
Primary emotions
Self-conscious emotions
Basic emotions
Cognitive distortions
Explanation - Self-conscious emotions emerge later in development and require self-awareness and social evaluation.
Correct answer is: Self-conscious emotions
Q.20 During adolescence, which factor contributes most to risk-taking behavior?
Underdeveloped prefrontal cortex
Secure attachment
Early moral development
Stable self-concept
Explanation - The prefrontal cortex, responsible for planning and impulse control, matures late, contributing to adolescent risk-taking.
Correct answer is: Underdeveloped prefrontal cortex
Q.21 Which is an example of cooperative play?
Two children playing side by side with different toys
A group building a sandcastle together
A child playing alone with blocks
Imitating a caregiver's actions
Explanation - Cooperative play involves organized activity with shared goals and roles.
Correct answer is: A group building a sandcastle together
Q.22 Which of the following best reflects the concept of theory of mind?
Understanding that others have thoughts and feelings different from one's own
Memorizing social rules
Learning to read emotions in books
Following strict parental instructions
Explanation - Theory of mind is the ability to recognize that others have independent thoughts, feelings, and perspectives.
Correct answer is: Understanding that others have thoughts and feelings different from one's own
Q.23 Which factor is critical for forming a secure attachment in infancy?
Parental consistency and responsiveness
Child's intelligence
Peer acceptance
Exposure to media
Explanation - Infants develop secure attachments when caregivers reliably respond to their needs.
Correct answer is: Parental consistency and responsiveness
Q.24 Emotional development in early adulthood primarily involves:
Exploring identity
Forming intimate relationships
Learning basic trust
Developing language skills
Explanation - According to Erikson, young adults focus on intimacy versus isolation, developing close emotional bonds.
Correct answer is: Forming intimate relationships
Q.25 Which parenting practice promotes emotional competence in children?
Encouraging expression and labeling of feelings
Ignoring emotional outbursts
Strict discipline without explanation
Overprotectiveness
Explanation - Helping children understand and express emotions fosters emotional awareness and regulation.
Correct answer is: Encouraging expression and labeling of feelings