Q.1 Which stage of prenatal development occurs immediately after fertilization?
Embryonic
Fetal
Germinal
Neonatal
Explanation - The germinal stage occurs during the first 2 weeks after fertilization, involving rapid cell division and implantation in the uterus.
Correct answer is: Germinal
Q.2 At which prenatal stage are major organs and structures formed?
Fetal
Embryonic
Germinal
Infancy
Explanation - The embryonic stage (weeks 3-8) is critical for organogenesis, when major organs and body structures develop.
Correct answer is: Embryonic
Q.3 Which factor is most likely to cause birth defects if exposed during the embryonic stage?
Poor nutrition
Teratogens
Stress
Sleep deprivation
Explanation - Teratogens are substances like drugs, alcohol, or viruses that can cause malformations during organ development, especially in the embryonic stage.
Correct answer is: Teratogens
Q.4 When does the fetal stage of development begin?
Week 2
Week 3
Week 9
Week 12
Explanation - The fetal stage starts at the 9th week of gestation and continues until birth, with growth and maturation of organs.
Correct answer is: Week 9
Q.5 Which reflex is present at birth and helps an infant find the nipple for feeding?
Moro reflex
Babinski reflex
Rooting reflex
Grasp reflex
Explanation - The rooting reflex causes an infant to turn its head toward a touch on the cheek, helping locate the nipple for feeding.
Correct answer is: Rooting reflex
Q.6 Which prenatal test can detect genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities?
Ultrasound
Amniocentesis
Fetal heart monitoring
Kangaroo care
Explanation - Amniocentesis involves sampling amniotic fluid to test for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.
Correct answer is: Amniocentesis
Q.7 Which term refers to the developing organism from the 3rd to 8th week of pregnancy?
Zygote
Embryo
Fetus
Neonate
Explanation - From the 3rd to 8th week, the organism is called an embryo during which major organs and structures form.
Correct answer is: Embryo
Q.8 Which factor is least likely to negatively impact prenatal development?
Smoking
Balanced nutrition
Alcohol consumption
Infections
Explanation - Balanced nutrition supports healthy prenatal development, while smoking, alcohol, and infections can cause harm.
Correct answer is: Balanced nutrition
Q.9 What is the average duration of a full-term pregnancy?
30 weeks
32 weeks
38-40 weeks
42-44 weeks
Explanation - A typical full-term pregnancy lasts about 38 to 40 weeks from the last menstrual period.
Correct answer is: 38-40 weeks
Q.10 Which reflex helps infants cling to objects or people?
Babinski reflex
Moro reflex
Grasp reflex
Sucking reflex
Explanation - The grasp reflex causes infants to automatically close their fingers around an object that touches their palm.
Correct answer is: Grasp reflex
Q.11 Which stage of prenatal development is most sensitive to teratogens?
Fetal
Embryonic
Germinal
Infancy
Explanation - The embryonic stage is highly sensitive to teratogens because organs are forming and major structures are developing.
Correct answer is: Embryonic
Q.12 At birth, which sense is most developed in infants?
Vision
Hearing
Smell
Taste
Explanation - Infants have relatively well-developed hearing at birth, allowing them to recognize their mother's voice.
Correct answer is: Hearing
Q.13 Which substance, when used during pregnancy, is most strongly associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?
Nicotine
Caffeine
Alcohol
Marijuana
Explanation - Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause fetal alcohol syndrome, leading to physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities.
Correct answer is: Alcohol
Q.14 Which prenatal stage involves rapid growth and differentiation of body structures?
Fetal stage
Embryonic stage
Germinal stage
Neonatal stage
Explanation - During the fetal stage, the organism grows rapidly, and tissues and organs mature in preparation for birth.
Correct answer is: Fetal stage
Q.15 Which reflex helps protect an infant from falling?
Rooting reflex
Grasp reflex
Moro reflex
Stepping reflex
Explanation - The Moro reflex, or startle reflex, occurs when an infant feels a loss of support and extends arms and legs before pulling them back.
Correct answer is: Moro reflex
Q.16 Which prenatal diagnostic technique uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the fetus?
Amniocentesis
Ultrasound
Chorionic villus sampling
MRI
Explanation - Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the fetus in the womb, helping monitor growth and development.
Correct answer is: Ultrasound
Q.17 Which newborn behavior indicates a preference for human faces?
Rooting
Crying
Visual tracking
Grasping
Explanation - Infants show visual tracking and gaze preference for human faces, which supports social bonding and recognition.
Correct answer is: Visual tracking
Q.18 Which factor contributes to low birth weight in infants?
Maternal smoking
Prenatal vitamins
Regular exercise
Adequate sleep
Explanation - Smoking during pregnancy reduces oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, often resulting in low birth weight.
Correct answer is: Maternal smoking
Q.19 Which stage of prenatal development is characterized by the formation of the placenta?
Germinal stage
Embryonic stage
Fetal stage
Infancy
Explanation - The placenta begins forming during the germinal stage, supporting nutrient and waste exchange between mother and embryo.
Correct answer is: Germinal stage
Q.20 Which reflex is tested to assess neurological function in newborns?
Rooting reflex
Babinski reflex
Grasp reflex
Sucking reflex
Explanation - The Babinski reflex involves stroking the sole of the foot to observe toe movement, used to evaluate nervous system health.
Correct answer is: Babinski reflex
Q.21 Which period is referred to as the neonatal period?
First week
First month
First year
First three months
Explanation - The neonatal period covers the first month after birth, during which infants adapt to life outside the womb.
Correct answer is: First month
Q.22 Which prenatal stage is primarily concerned with growth rather than organ formation?
Embryonic stage
Fetal stage
Germinal stage
Infancy
Explanation - During the fetal stage, the emphasis shifts to growth, maturation of organs, and development of functional capabilities.
Correct answer is: Fetal stage
Q.23 Which sensory ability is present at birth but develops rapidly in the first months?
Hearing
Vision
Smell
Taste
Explanation - Although infants can see at birth, visual acuity and depth perception improve rapidly during the first months.
Correct answer is: Vision
Q.24 Which maternal factor is critical for neural tube development in the fetus?
Iron intake
Vitamin C
Folic acid
Calcium
Explanation - Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
Correct answer is: Folic acid
Q.25 Which reflex allows infants to respond to sudden loss of support by spreading their arms?
Moro reflex
Grasp reflex
Rooting reflex
Sucking reflex
Explanation - The Moro reflex is an involuntary response to sudden changes in position, helping the infant react to perceived danger.
Correct answer is: Moro reflex