Q.1 Which theory of personality emphasizes the influence of unconscious desires and childhood experiences?
Behaviorism
Humanistic Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
Trait Theory
Explanation - Psychoanalytic theory, proposed by Freud, suggests that unconscious desires and early childhood experiences shape personality.
Correct answer is: Psychoanalytic Theory
Q.2 According to Erik Erikson, the primary task of adolescence is:
Trust vs. Mistrust
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Explanation - Erikson's stage for adolescents focuses on developing a sense of personal identity and direction.
Correct answer is: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Q.3 The Big Five personality traits include all of the following EXCEPT:
Openness
Conscientiousness
Introversion
Agreeableness
Explanation - The Big Five traits are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism; Introversion is not a separate Big Five trait.
Correct answer is: Introversion
Q.4 Albert Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to:
A person’s belief in their ability to succeed
A measure of intelligence
Unconscious desires influencing behavior
Inherited personality traits
Explanation - Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capability to organize and execute actions required to manage prospective situations.
Correct answer is: A person’s belief in their ability to succeed
Q.5 Which approach views personality as a result of rewards, punishments, and learned behaviors?
Humanistic Theory
Behavioral Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
Trait Theory
Explanation - Behavioral theory focuses on observable behaviors and how learning through reinforcement shapes personality.
Correct answer is: Behavioral Theory
Q.6 Carl Rogers emphasized which core concept in personality development?
Self-actualization
Classical Conditioning
Ego Defense Mechanisms
Reciprocal Determinism
Explanation - Carl Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, highlighted self-actualization as the process of realizing one's full potential.
Correct answer is: Self-actualization
Q.7 Temperament in infancy is best defined as:
Learned social behaviors
Innate patterns of mood and behavior
Cultural personality traits
Conscious decision-making
Explanation - Temperament refers to biologically based tendencies to respond in predictable ways emotionally and behaviorally.
Correct answer is: Innate patterns of mood and behavior
Q.8 Which of the following is considered a stable personality trait across the lifespan?
Extraversion
Shyness in childhood
Specific hobbies
Mood on a particular day
Explanation - Extraversion is a trait that tends to remain relatively stable throughout life, unlike transient moods or interests.
Correct answer is: Extraversion
Q.9 Freud’s structure of personality includes all EXCEPT:
Id
Ego
Superego
Self-concept
Explanation - Freud’s model consists of the Id, Ego, and Superego; self-concept is a humanistic psychology term.
Correct answer is: Self-concept
Q.10 A person high in agreeableness is likely to be:
Cooperative and compassionate
Analytical and logical
Reserved and independent
Emotionally unstable
Explanation - Agreeableness refers to traits like being cooperative, kind, and compassionate toward others.
Correct answer is: Cooperative and compassionate
Q.11 Which personality assessment is projective in nature?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Big Five Inventory
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Explanation - Projective tests, like the Rorschach, rely on interpretation of ambiguous stimuli to uncover unconscious aspects of personality.
Correct answer is: Rorschach Inkblot Test
Q.12 Bandura’s concept of reciprocal determinism means:
Behavior, environment, and personal factors influence each other
Genes solely determine personality
Personality is unchangeable
Unconscious drives shape behavior
Explanation - Reciprocal determinism emphasizes that personality develops through ongoing interactions between individual behaviors, environmental factors, and personal cognitive processes.
Correct answer is: Behavior, environment, and personal factors influence each other
Q.13 Which stage in Erikson’s theory focuses on developing intimacy with others?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Industry vs. Inferiority
Explanation - Young adults face the challenge of forming close relationships and intimate bonds, according to Erikson.
Correct answer is: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Q.14 According to trait theory, a person high in neuroticism is likely to be:
Emotionally unstable and anxious
Highly organized
Open to new experiences
Friendly and cooperative
Explanation - Neuroticism reflects tendencies toward emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness.
Correct answer is: Emotionally unstable and anxious
Q.15 Which method involves directly observing and recording an individual’s behavior in natural settings?
Self-report questionnaire
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Experimental study
Explanation - Naturalistic observation allows researchers to study personality traits as they occur spontaneously in real-world contexts.
Correct answer is: Naturalistic observation
Q.16 A child who shows consistent fearfulness and shyness may be described as having which type of temperament?
Easy
Difficult
Slow-to-warm-up
Flexible
Explanation - The slow-to-warm-up temperament is characterized by cautious, shy, and slow adaptation to new situations.
Correct answer is: Slow-to-warm-up
Q.17 Which of the following is a key criticism of trait theories of personality?
They overemphasize unconscious processes
They do not account for situational influences
They are too focused on childhood
They ignore cognitive development
Explanation - Trait theories describe stable tendencies but often fail to explain how behavior changes across different situations.
Correct answer is: They do not account for situational influences
Q.18 Humanistic psychologists argue that personality is primarily shaped by:
Innate drives and instincts
Social learning and reinforcement
Self-concept and personal growth
Genetic inheritance
Explanation - Humanistic theory emphasizes conscious experiences, self-concept, and the drive toward self-actualization in shaping personality.
Correct answer is: Self-concept and personal growth
Q.19 The concept of 'locus of control' refers to:
Where personality traits originate
Whether people believe outcomes are controlled internally or externally
A measure of self-esteem
Cultural influences on personality
Explanation - Locus of control describes the degree to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them.
Correct answer is: Whether people believe outcomes are controlled internally or externally
Q.20 A person who adapts easily to change and rarely experiences stress likely scores low on which Big Five trait?
Neuroticism
Openness
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
Explanation - Low neuroticism indicates emotional stability and resilience to stress.
Correct answer is: Neuroticism
Q.21 Which theory suggests personality develops through observation and imitation of others?
Behaviorist Theory
Social Learning Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
Humanistic Theory
Explanation - Bandura’s Social Learning Theory emphasizes modeling, imitation, and observational learning in personality development.
Correct answer is: Social Learning Theory
Q.22 In Freud’s theory, the ego operates primarily on the principle of:
Pleasure
Reality
Morality
Cognition
Explanation - The ego mediates between the id and superego, using the reality principle to satisfy desires in socially acceptable ways.
Correct answer is: Reality
Q.23 Which of the following is an example of a projective personality test?
NEO Personality Inventory
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Explanation - Projective tests assess personality by interpreting ambiguous stimuli, with the Rorschach being the most well-known example.
Correct answer is: Rorschach Inkblot Test
Q.24 Which factor is most likely to influence personality development during early childhood?
Peer pressure
Parental styles
Work environment
Cultural heritage in adulthood
Explanation - Early childhood personality development is strongly influenced by parenting styles and family environment.
Correct answer is: Parental styles
Q.25 Which personality dimension reflects imagination, creativity, and curiosity?
Conscientiousness
Openness to Experience
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Explanation - Openness describes a person’s willingness to try new things, creativity, and intellectual curiosity.
Correct answer is: Openness to Experience