Q.1 Which stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is typically associated with children aged 2 to 7 years?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
Explanation - The Preoperational stage (2-7 years) involves symbolic thinking, imagination, and egocentrism but lacks logical reasoning.
Correct answer is: Preoperational
Q.2 At what age does a child typically begin to exhibit stranger anxiety?
2-3 months
6-8 months
12-14 months
18-24 months
Explanation - Stranger anxiety usually develops around 6-8 months when infants recognize familiar vs. unfamiliar faces.
Correct answer is: 6-8 months
Q.3 Erikson’s stage of 'Initiative vs. Guilt' is most relevant for which age group?
Infancy (0-1 year)
Toddlerhood (1-3 years)
Preschool (3-5 years)
School age (6-12 years)
Explanation - During this stage, children assert power and control through directing play and social interactions.
Correct answer is: Preschool (3-5 years)
Q.4 Which of the following is a primary gross motor skill developed during early childhood?
Grasping small objects
Running and jumping
Drawing shapes
Stacking blocks
Explanation - Gross motor skills involve large muscle activities like running, jumping, and climbing.
Correct answer is: Running and jumping
Q.5 According to Vygotsky, a child's learning is most effective when guided within the:
Zone of Proximal Development
Preoperational Stage
Schema
Attachment Theory
Explanation - The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the range of tasks a child can perform with guidance but not alone.
Correct answer is: Zone of Proximal Development
Q.6 Which type of play involves children playing separately but near others without interaction?
Parallel play
Associative play
Cooperative play
Solitary play
Explanation - Parallel play is common in toddlers where children play alongside but not with others.
Correct answer is: Parallel play
Q.7 Attachment theory was primarily developed by which psychologist?
Jean Piaget
John Bowlby
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
Explanation - John Bowlby emphasized the importance of a secure attachment between infants and caregivers for healthy development.
Correct answer is: John Bowlby
Q.8 Which reflex is present at birth and helps infants find the breast or bottle?
Moro reflex
Rooting reflex
Palmar grasp reflex
Babinski reflex
Explanation - The rooting reflex helps infants turn their head toward a touch on the cheek and begin sucking.
Correct answer is: Rooting reflex
Q.9 Which is an example of a fine motor skill in childhood?
Crawling
Running
Cutting with scissors
Jumping rope
Explanation - Fine motor skills involve coordination of small muscles, particularly in the hands and fingers.
Correct answer is: Cutting with scissors
Q.10 Which stage in Freud's psychosexual theory is dominant during early childhood?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Explanation - The Phallic stage (3-6 years) focuses on the genital region and includes the Oedipus/Electra complex.
Correct answer is: Phallic
Q.11 A child’s ability to understand that others have thoughts and feelings different from their own is called:
Egocentrism
Theory of Mind
Object permanence
Conservation
Explanation - Theory of Mind develops around age 4-5, enabling children to predict or understand others’ perspectives.
Correct answer is: Theory of Mind
Q.12 What is the term for a child’s sudden fear of unfamiliar people?
Separation anxiety
Stranger anxiety
Attachment disorder
Social phobia
Explanation - Stranger anxiety usually emerges around 6-8 months and is a normal part of attachment development.
Correct answer is: Stranger anxiety
Q.13 Which of these is a milestone in language development typically seen by age 2?
Single words
Two-word sentences
Complex sentences
Understanding metaphors
Explanation - By around 2 years, children often combine words to form simple sentences, e.g., 'want cookie'.
Correct answer is: Two-word sentences
Q.14 What is the term for understanding that quantity does not change even when its shape does?
Egocentrism
Conservation
Centration
Reversibility
Explanation - Conservation is a key concept in Piaget’s Concrete Operational stage (7-11 years).
Correct answer is: Conservation
Q.15 Which type of parenting style is characterized by high responsiveness and high demandingness?
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
Neglectful
Explanation - Authoritative parents provide structure while being supportive and responsive, fostering healthy development.
Correct answer is: Authoritative
Q.16 Which of the following is a common emotional milestone in toddlers?
Separation anxiety
Formal operational thinking
Understanding conservation
Hypothetical reasoning
Explanation - Separation anxiety peaks around 12-18 months as toddlers develop attachment bonds.
Correct answer is: Separation anxiety
Q.17 Which concept explains why children imitate behaviors they observe in adults?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning theory
Cognitive dissonance
Explanation - Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation.
Correct answer is: Social learning theory
Q.18 At what age do most children begin to show gender identity awareness?
6 months
18 months
2-3 years
5-6 years
Explanation - Children typically recognize themselves as male or female and begin expressing gendered behaviors around age 2-3.
Correct answer is: 2-3 years
Q.19 Which of the following best describes Vygotsky's view of cognitive development?
Universal stages independent of culture
Learning through social interaction
Maturation-driven development
Development determined by unconscious conflicts
Explanation - Vygotsky emphasized that cognitive development is heavily influenced by culture and guided social learning.
Correct answer is: Learning through social interaction
Q.20 What is a key characteristic of Piaget's Concrete Operational stage?
Egocentric thinking
Logical thinking about concrete objects
Abstract reasoning
Magical thinking
Explanation - Children aged 7-11 can think logically about concrete situations but struggle with abstract concepts.
Correct answer is: Logical thinking about concrete objects
Q.21 Which factor is most critical in forming secure attachment in infants?
Maternal sensitivity and responsiveness
Birth order
Physical strength of infant
Infant intelligence
Explanation - Consistent and responsive caregiving leads to secure attachment, fostering emotional and social development.
Correct answer is: Maternal sensitivity and responsiveness
Q.22 Which of these behaviors indicates early theory of mind development?
Solitary play
Hiding toys to deceive others
Parallel play
Imitating adults
Explanation - Deceptive behavior shows a child understands that others have different knowledge or beliefs.
Correct answer is: Hiding toys to deceive others
Q.23 Which of these best describes the typical sleep pattern in preschool children?
12-14 hours per night
9-10 hours per night
6-7 hours per night
20 hours per night
Explanation - Preschoolers require about 12-14 hours of sleep including naps to support growth and development.
Correct answer is: 12-14 hours per night
Q.24 Which milestone is usually achieved by age 4 in language development?
Using single words
Forming complex sentences
Asking 'why' questions
Understanding metaphors
Explanation - By age 4, children are curious and ask many questions, reflecting developing language and cognitive skills.
Correct answer is: Asking 'why' questions
Q.25 Which type of aggression is more common in early childhood?
Physical aggression
Relational aggression
Verbal aggression
Cyber aggression
Explanation - Young children often express frustration or conflict through physical actions rather than verbal or relational methods.
Correct answer is: Physical aggression