Q.1 Who developed the client-centered approach in counseling psychology?
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Ellis
Explanation - Carl Rogers developed the client-centered (person-centered) approach, emphasizing empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence.
Correct answer is: Carl Rogers
Q.2 Which of the following is a core condition of client-centered therapy?
Directive guidance
Unconditional positive regard
Behavior modification
Dream analysis
Explanation - Unconditional positive regard involves accepting the client without judgment, which is essential in client-centered therapy.
Correct answer is: Unconditional positive regard
Q.3 In client-centered therapy, what is 'congruence'?
The therapist’s consistency between feelings and expressions
The client’s agreement with the therapist
The therapist giving instructions
A behavioral reinforcement technique
Explanation - Congruence refers to the therapist being genuine and transparent, ensuring that their internal feelings align with outward expressions.
Correct answer is: The therapist’s consistency between feelings and expressions
Q.4 Which technique involves reflecting back the client’s feelings in their own words?
Active listening
Cognitive restructuring
Reflective listening
Free association
Explanation - Reflective listening helps clients feel understood by restating their feelings, fostering self-exploration and clarity.
Correct answer is: Reflective listening
Q.5 Client-centered therapy primarily focuses on:
Diagnosing mental illness
Exploring unconscious conflicts
The client’s subjective experience
Modifying behavior through reinforcement
Explanation - This therapy emphasizes understanding and valuing the client’s personal perspective and inner experiences.
Correct answer is: The client’s subjective experience
Q.6 Which of these is NOT a principle of client-centered therapy?
Empathy
Unconditional positive regard
Directive advice-giving
Congruence
Explanation - Client-centered therapy is non-directive; the therapist does not give advice but facilitates self-exploration.
Correct answer is: Directive advice-giving
Q.7 In client-centered therapy, the therapist acts primarily as a:
Guide
Authority figure
Teacher
Interpreter of dreams
Explanation - The therapist facilitates the client’s self-exploration rather than imposing solutions, guiding them to their own insights.
Correct answer is: Guide
Q.8 What role does empathy play in client-centered therapy?
It diagnoses client disorders
It fosters understanding of the client’s feelings
It enforces behavioral change
It encourages dependence on the therapist
Explanation - Empathy allows the therapist to deeply understand the client’s perspective, helping the client feel valued and accepted.
Correct answer is: It fosters understanding of the client’s feelings
Q.9 A client-centered therapist believes that clients have the:
Capacity to self-heal
Need for strict guidance
Inability to understand themselves
Obligation to follow rules
Explanation - The approach is based on the belief that individuals can realize their potential and resolve difficulties with the right supportive environment.
Correct answer is: Capacity to self-heal
Q.10 Which of the following is a non-verbal technique used in client-centered therapy?
Gestures of empathy
Cognitive restructuring
Role-playing
Classical conditioning
Explanation - Non-verbal communication like nodding or appropriate facial expressions conveys empathy and understanding without words.
Correct answer is: Gestures of empathy
Q.11 What does 'self-actualization' mean in the context of client-centered therapy?
Achieving full potential and personal growth
Following therapist instructions
Suppressing negative feelings
Conforming to societal norms
Explanation - Self-actualization refers to the realization of personal potential and growth, which is a central goal of client-centered therapy.
Correct answer is: Achieving full potential and personal growth
Q.12 The client-centered approach is considered:
Directive and analytical
Non-directive and humanistic
Behavioral and structured
Psychoanalytic and interpretive
Explanation - It emphasizes human potential, personal growth, and self-directed change, rather than therapist-led directives.
Correct answer is: Non-directive and humanistic
Q.13 What is the main goal of reflective listening in client-centered therapy?
To correct client misconceptions
To allow clients to feel understood
To analyze childhood conflicts
To reinforce desired behavior
Explanation - Reflective listening reassures clients that their feelings are acknowledged, promoting self-awareness and trust.
Correct answer is: To allow clients to feel understood
Q.14 Which of the following best describes the therapeutic climate in client-centered therapy?
Judgmental and evaluative
Accepting, warm, and supportive
Structured and rule-based
Directive and corrective
Explanation - The therapy environment should be nurturing and nonjudgmental to facilitate client growth and self-exploration.
Correct answer is: Accepting, warm, and supportive
Q.15 In client-centered therapy, the therapist primarily helps the client to:
Interpret dreams
Develop insight through self-exploration
Change behavior through reinforcement
Analyze unconscious conflicts
Explanation - The therapist provides a supportive environment where clients explore and understand their own feelings and experiences.
Correct answer is: Develop insight through self-exploration
Q.16 Which of the following statements reflects the non-directive nature of client-centered therapy?
The therapist gives explicit advice on decisions
The client sets the pace and direction of therapy
The therapist imposes structured tasks
The client is evaluated regularly
Explanation - Non-directive therapy allows clients to lead discussions, making decisions about their exploration and progress.
Correct answer is: The client sets the pace and direction of therapy
Q.17 Which of the following is a potential outcome of successful client-centered therapy?
Increased self-awareness and self-acceptance
Complete elimination of all psychological problems
Therapist dependence
Memory recovery
Explanation - Clients often gain clarity about their feelings and develop greater acceptance of themselves, fostering personal growth.
Correct answer is: Increased self-awareness and self-acceptance
Q.18 The concept of 'empathic understanding' in client-centered therapy means:
Analyzing client behavior scientifically
Experiencing the client’s feelings from their perspective
Correcting client misconceptions
Imposing therapist solutions
Explanation - Empathic understanding involves the therapist entering the client’s frame of reference to genuinely grasp their emotional experience.
Correct answer is: Experiencing the client’s feelings from their perspective
Q.19 Which of these is essential for building trust in client-centered therapy?
Judgmental feedback
Consistency and genuineness
Strict behavioral rules
Interpretation of dreams
Explanation - A therapist’s consistent, authentic behavior helps clients feel safe, understood, and more willing to explore their feelings.
Correct answer is: Consistency and genuineness
Q.20 Client-centered therapy can be especially helpful for clients experiencing:
Low self-esteem and identity confusion
Acute psychosis only
Memory loss
Severe cognitive deficits
Explanation - The therapy helps individuals explore their self-concept, emotions, and personal growth, addressing self-esteem and identity concerns.
Correct answer is: Low self-esteem and identity confusion
Q.21 A key difference between client-centered therapy and psychoanalysis is that client-centered therapy:
Focuses on unconscious conflicts
Emphasizes conscious self-experience
Uses dream interpretation extensively
Analyzes childhood traumas in depth
Explanation - Client-centered therapy prioritizes the client’s present feelings and perceptions rather than unconscious processes.
Correct answer is: Emphasizes conscious self-experience
Q.22 Which of the following best describes the role of questions in client-centered therapy?
They are used sparingly to clarify understanding
They direct the client’s choices
They are the main technique for insight
They are used to challenge client behavior
Explanation - Therapists primarily listen, only asking questions to clarify the client’s feelings or experiences without directing them.
Correct answer is: They are used sparingly to clarify understanding
Q.23 Which factor is critical for effective client-centered counseling?
Therapist expertise in psychoanalysis
Therapist empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard
Strict adherence to therapy manuals
Frequent interpretation of client dreams
Explanation - These core conditions create a safe, supportive environment that facilitates client self-exploration and growth.
Correct answer is: Therapist empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard