Q.1 Which of the following theories emphasizes the role of self-concept in career choice?
Holland's Theory of Career Choice
Super's Life-Span Theory
Ginzberg's Career Development Theory
Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Explanation - Super's Life-Span, Life-Space Theory emphasizes self-concept and its evolution across different life stages as a key factor in career development.
Correct answer is: Super's Life-Span Theory
Q.2 Holland's vocational types are primarily based on which factor?
Personality and interests
Socioeconomic status
Age and experience
Cognitive ability
Explanation - Holland's Theory identifies six personality types (RIASEC) and posits that people are more satisfied in careers matching their personality and interests.
Correct answer is: Personality and interests
Q.3 Which assessment tool is commonly used to match individuals to vocational environments according to Holland’s theory?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Strong Interest Inventory
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Explanation - The Strong Interest Inventory assesses personal interests and aligns them with Holland’s RIASEC vocational types.
Correct answer is: Strong Interest Inventory
Q.4 In Ginzberg’s career development theory, the 'tentative period' is characterized by:
Exploration of interests and abilities
Finalizing career choice
Early childhood fantasies
Retirement planning
Explanation - Ginzberg's theory identifies the tentative period (ages 11-17) as a stage where adolescents explore abilities, values, and interests to shape career choices.
Correct answer is: Exploration of interests and abilities
Q.5 Which career counseling approach focuses on identifying transferable skills and matching them to job opportunities?
Trait-and-Factor Approach
Person-Centered Approach
Psychoanalytic Approach
Cognitive Behavioral Approach
Explanation - The Trait-and-Factor Approach involves assessing individual traits (abilities, skills) and matching them with suitable occupational factors.
Correct answer is: Trait-and-Factor Approach
Q.6 Super’s concept of 'career maturity' refers to:
The ability to achieve financial stability
The readiness to make informed career decisions
Reaching the top of one’s career ladder
Retiring with satisfaction
Explanation - Career maturity reflects an individual’s preparedness to cope with career development tasks appropriate for their age.
Correct answer is: The readiness to make informed career decisions
Q.7 According to Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), career choices are influenced by:
Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals
Personality type only
Parental pressure exclusively
Socioeconomic status alone
Explanation - SCCT highlights the interplay of personal beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping career development.
Correct answer is: Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals
Q.8 A career counselor uses a developmental approach. What is the primary focus?
Understanding career as a lifelong process
Solving immediate employment issues
Diagnosing mental disorders
Enhancing job performance in the current role
Explanation - The developmental approach sees career planning as evolving across the lifespan, considering growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline.
Correct answer is: Understanding career as a lifelong process
Q.9 Which of the following is a primary assumption of Holland’s theory?
People seek work environments that fit their personality
Career choice is mostly random
Income is the main motivator for career satisfaction
Cultural factors have no influence on career choice
Explanation - Holland theorized that individuals are more satisfied and productive when their work environment aligns with their personality type.
Correct answer is: People seek work environments that fit their personality
Q.10 Ginzberg categorized career development into how many major periods?
Two
Three
Four
Five
Explanation - Ginzberg’s theory includes the fantasy period, tentative period, and realistic period.
Correct answer is: Three
Q.11 In career counseling, 'values clarification' is primarily used to:
Help individuals identify what is most important to them in a career
Measure IQ
Assess physical abilities
Diagnose emotional disorders
Explanation - Values clarification enables clients to prioritize personal and professional values that guide career decisions.
Correct answer is: Help individuals identify what is most important to them in a career
Q.12 Which approach emphasizes exploring environmental and situational factors affecting career choice?
Person-Environment Fit Approach
Psychoanalytic Approach
Trait-and-Factor Approach
Behavioral Therapy Approach
Explanation - This approach highlights the interaction between the individual and the work environment for career satisfaction and performance.
Correct answer is: Person-Environment Fit Approach
Q.13 What is a major criticism of Holland’s Theory?
It oversimplifies complex career choices into six types
It ignores personality
It is not applicable to adults
It lacks any empirical support
Explanation - While widely used, Holland’s model is sometimes criticized for reducing complex vocational choices to just six personality types.
Correct answer is: It oversimplifies complex career choices into six types
Q.14 According to Super, the 'establishment stage' in career development typically occurs during:
Early adulthood
Adolescence
Middle age
Retirement
Explanation - The establishment stage involves entering the workforce, building skills, and advancing in one’s career, usually in the 20s and early 30s.
Correct answer is: Early adulthood
Q.15 The 'Realistic' type in Holland’s RIASEC model is most likely to enjoy:
Hands-on, practical tasks
Creative writing
Helping others in emotional situations
Analyzing abstract theories
Explanation - Realistic individuals prefer practical, physical activities and often pursue careers in engineering, mechanics, or agriculture.
Correct answer is: Hands-on, practical tasks
Q.16 In SCCT, 'personal inputs' refer to:
Attributes such as gender, ethnicity, and predispositions
Only educational qualifications
Work experience exclusively
Parental advice
Explanation - Personal inputs influence career choices by shaping self-efficacy beliefs, expectations, and goal setting.
Correct answer is: Attributes such as gender, ethnicity, and predispositions
Q.17 A career counselor wants to assess vocational interests in a high school student. The most appropriate tool is:
Strong Interest Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
Thematic Apperception Test
Explanation - This tool helps identify areas of interest and matches them to potential career paths, suitable for adolescents.
Correct answer is: Strong Interest Inventory
Q.18 The term 'occupational self-efficacy' refers to:
Belief in one’s ability to successfully perform work tasks
Salary expectations
Number of jobs held
Workplace stress levels
Explanation - Occupational self-efficacy influences career choices, persistence, and performance.
Correct answer is: Belief in one’s ability to successfully perform work tasks
Q.19 Super's 'maintenance stage' in career development focuses on:
Preserving established career position
Exploring new career options
Early career experimentation
Retirement planning
Explanation - During the maintenance stage, individuals work to sustain their roles, update skills, and maintain performance in their careers.
Correct answer is: Preserving established career position
Q.20 In career counseling, a 'decision-making approach' emphasizes:
Teaching systematic methods to make career choices
Exploring personality types
Focusing only on parental advice
Analyzing early childhood experiences exclusively
Explanation - Decision-making approaches help clients acquire skills and strategies for making informed and rational career decisions.
Correct answer is: Teaching systematic methods to make career choices
Q.21 In Holland’s model, the 'Investigative' type is best suited for careers in:
Science and research
Art and music
Business management
Skilled trades
Explanation - Investigative individuals enjoy analytical, intellectual, and scientific tasks.
Correct answer is: Science and research
Q.22 Which of the following factors is emphasized in Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise?
Gender roles and social expectations
Income potential only
Parental satisfaction
Random chance
Explanation - Gottfredson’s theory highlights how societal and gender-based expectations influence career choices through circumscription and compromise.
Correct answer is: Gender roles and social expectations
Q.23 Career adaptability involves:
Coping with current and anticipated career-related tasks
Only choosing a high-paying job
Avoiding any career changes
Maintaining the same skills throughout life
Explanation - Career adaptability reflects flexibility and readiness to navigate career transitions and challenges.
Correct answer is: Coping with current and anticipated career-related tasks
Q.24 In a person-centered career counseling approach, the counselor primarily:
Provides a supportive environment for self-exploration
Prescribes career options
Focuses on job search strategies exclusively
Tests cognitive abilities only
Explanation - Person-centered counseling emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and self-exploration to facilitate career decision-making.
Correct answer is: Provides a supportive environment for self-exploration