Q.1 Which of the following is an example of bottom-up processing in perception?
Recognizing a friend's face in a crowd
Identifying a melody after hearing it many times
Perceiving a shape by combining raw sensory input
Interpreting a vague image using prior knowledge
Explanation - Bottom-up processing starts with raw sensory data and builds up to a perception without relying on prior knowledge or experience.
Correct answer is: Perceiving a shape by combining raw sensory input
Q.2 What does the term 'perceptual constancy' refer to?
Recognizing objects faster in familiar environments
Seeing an object as stable despite changes in sensory input
The ability to perceive depth in two-dimensional images
Difficulty in identifying ambiguous images
Explanation - Perceptual constancy allows us to recognize objects as the same even when viewing conditions change, such as size, color, or brightness.
Correct answer is: Seeing an object as stable despite changes in sensory input
Q.3 Which theory of color perception explains how we perceive colors based on opposing pairs?
Trichromatic theory
Opponent-process theory
Feature detection theory
Gestalt theory
Explanation - The opponent-process theory states that color perception is controlled by opposing pairs: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white.
Correct answer is: Opponent-process theory
Q.4 Depth perception is most directly associated with which of the following?
Monocular and binocular cues
Gestalt principles of grouping
Sensory adaptation
Signal detection theory
Explanation - Depth perception relies on monocular cues (like size and perspective) and binocular cues (like retinal disparity).
Correct answer is: Monocular and binocular cues
Q.5 The 'phi phenomenon' is an example of which perceptual concept?
Motion perception
Depth perception
Color constancy
Figure-ground segregation
Explanation - The phi phenomenon occurs when lights blinking in sequence create the illusion of movement, illustrating motion perception.
Correct answer is: Motion perception
Q.6 Which Gestalt principle explains why we perceive a series of dots as a line?
Similarity
Proximity
Closure
Continuity
Explanation - The principle of continuity suggests we perceive elements arranged in a smooth, continuous pattern as belonging together.
Correct answer is: Continuity
Q.7 Which term refers to the tendency to perceive familiar objects as constant in shape and size?
Perceptual adaptation
Perceptual set
Shape constancy
Size illusion
Explanation - Shape constancy allows us to perceive an object as having a stable shape even when the retinal image changes due to the viewing angle.
Correct answer is: Shape constancy
Q.8 Which of the following best illustrates selective attention?
Noticing your phone vibration while talking to someone
Hearing all sounds equally in a crowded room
Seeing everything in your environment with the same clarity
Perceiving all colors identically under different lights
Explanation - Selective attention is the process of focusing on one stimulus while ignoring others.
Correct answer is: Noticing your phone vibration while talking to someone
Q.9 The 'cocktail party effect' demonstrates which of the following?
The ability to recognize faces in a crowd
The ability to focus on a single conversation amid noise
The failure of perception under distraction
A type of motion illusion
Explanation - The cocktail party effect shows that we can selectively attend to one auditory stimulus even in a noisy environment.
Correct answer is: The ability to focus on a single conversation amid noise
Q.10 Which of these is an example of top-down processing?
Reading a sentence with missing letters and still understanding it
Detecting a light flash in a dark room
Hearing a faint sound in the environment
Seeing the color red in isolation
Explanation - Top-down processing uses prior knowledge, context, and expectations to interpret sensory information.
Correct answer is: Reading a sentence with missing letters and still understanding it
Q.11 Which sense provides kinesthetic information about body position?
Vision
Proprioception
Audition
Olfaction
Explanation - Proprioception is the sense of body position and movement, helping us coordinate actions and maintain balance.
Correct answer is: Proprioception
Q.12 What is the primary purpose of feature detectors in the visual system?
To detect specific patterns like edges, lines, or movement
To store visual memories
To control eye movements
To adjust to different light levels
Explanation - Feature detectors are specialized neurons in the visual cortex that respond to specific aspects of a stimulus, such as edges, lines, angles, or motion.
Correct answer is: To detect specific patterns like edges, lines, or movement
Q.13 Which visual illusion demonstrates the brain's reliance on context for size perception?
Müller-Lyer illusion
Phi phenomenon
Hermann grid
Stroop effect
Explanation - In the Müller-Lyer illusion, two lines of equal length appear different due to arrow-like context cues, showing contextual influence on perception.
Correct answer is: Müller-Lyer illusion
Q.14 The ability to distinguish a figure from its background is known as:
Depth perception
Figure-ground perception
Motion detection
Color constancy
Explanation - Figure-ground perception allows us to separate important objects (figures) from the surrounding background.
Correct answer is: Figure-ground perception
Q.15 Which term describes our tendency to group objects based on similarity?
Proximity
Similarity
Closure
Continuity
Explanation - The Gestalt principle of similarity states that elements that are alike are perceived as part of the same group.
Correct answer is: Similarity
Q.16 Which concept explains why a stationary object appears to move after staring at a moving pattern?
Motion aftereffect
Phi phenomenon
Depth perception
Shape constancy
Explanation - The motion aftereffect occurs when neurons adapted to motion continue to fire after the stimulus stops, causing a stationary object to appear moving.
Correct answer is: Motion aftereffect
Q.17 Binocular disparity is primarily used for:
Color perception
Depth perception
Motion detection
Object recognition
Explanation - Binocular disparity arises because each eye sees a slightly different image; the brain uses this difference to judge distance.
Correct answer is: Depth perception
Q.18 Which Gestalt principle explains why we perceive a series of disconnected elements as a complete shape?
Closure
Similarity
Proximity
Continuity
Explanation - The principle of closure states that we tend to perceive incomplete figures as complete by filling in missing parts.
Correct answer is: Closure
Q.19 Which type of processing relies on expectations and knowledge to interpret sensory input?
Top-down processing
Bottom-up processing
Feature detection
Sensory adaptation
Explanation - Top-down processing uses prior experience, context, and expectations to interpret incoming sensory data.
Correct answer is: Top-down processing
Q.20 Which illusion demonstrates the brain's misinterpretation of light and shadow to perceive depth?
Ames room illusion
Müller-Lyer illusion
Phi phenomenon
Hermann grid
Explanation - The Ames room illusion uses distorted room geometry and visual cues to make people appear dramatically different in size.
Correct answer is: Ames room illusion
Q.21 What is the role of the retina in visual perception?
Focusing light onto the lens
Converting light into neural signals
Regulating eye movement
Adjusting pupil size
Explanation - The retina contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light into electrical signals sent to the brain.
Correct answer is: Converting light into neural signals
Q.22 Which of the following best illustrates the concept of sensory adaptation?
Entering a dark room and adjusting to see clearly
Suddenly noticing a strong smell after a few minutes
Seeing a moving object as stationary after staring at it
Distinguishing colors in bright light
Explanation - Sensory adaptation is the diminished sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time, such as eyes adjusting to darkness.
Correct answer is: Entering a dark room and adjusting to see clearly
Q.23 The ability to perceive a friend's voice in a noisy environment demonstrates:
Sensory adaptation
Selective attention
Bottom-up processing
Perceptual set
Explanation - Selective attention allows focusing on one specific stimulus (a friend's voice) while ignoring irrelevant stimuli (background noise).
Correct answer is: Selective attention
Q.24 Which principle explains why we group elements that are close together?
Similarity
Proximity
Closure
Continuity
Explanation - The Gestalt principle of proximity states that objects that are close to each other are perceived as a group.
Correct answer is: Proximity
Q.25 Which phenomenon demonstrates the brain's ability to perceive motion from static images shown in sequence?
Phi phenomenon
Motion aftereffect
Depth perception
Figure-ground perception
Explanation - The phi phenomenon occurs when lights blinking in sequence create the illusion of smooth motion, foundational in movies and animations.
Correct answer is: Phi phenomenon