Q.1 Which type of attention involves focusing on a single task while ignoring other stimuli?
Divided attention
Selective attention
Sustained attention
Alternating attention
Explanation - Selective attention is the ability to focus on one specific task or stimulus while filtering out other distractions.
Correct answer is: Selective attention
Q.2 The 'cocktail party effect' is an example of which type of attention?
Divided attention
Selective attention
Sustained attention
Executive attention
Explanation - The cocktail party effect illustrates selective attention, where a person can focus on a single conversation despite background noise.
Correct answer is: Selective attention
Q.3 Which attention type allows a person to switch between two different tasks efficiently?
Divided attention
Sustained attention
Alternating attention
Focused attention
Explanation - Alternating attention is the ability to shift focus between tasks with different cognitive demands.
Correct answer is: Alternating attention
Q.4 What is the primary limitation of divided attention?
It cannot be improved
It increases reaction time and errors
It improves memory
It decreases perception
Explanation - Divided attention can lead to slower responses and more mistakes when multitasking, due to limited cognitive resources.
Correct answer is: It increases reaction time and errors
Q.5 Which theory suggests that attention acts as a filter to process only relevant information?
Broadbent's Filter Theory
Treisman's Attenuation Theory
Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Theory
Feature Integration Theory
Explanation - Broadbent proposed that a selective filter allows only certain information to pass through for further processing.
Correct answer is: Broadbent's Filter Theory
Q.6 What does sustained attention refer to?
Focusing on multiple tasks simultaneously
Maintaining focus on a single task over time
Switching attention between tasks
Processing irrelevant stimuli
Explanation - Sustained attention is the ability to maintain attention consistently on a task for an extended period.
Correct answer is: Maintaining focus on a single task over time
Q.7 Which part of the brain is most associated with attentional control?
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Prefrontal cortex
Cerebellum
Explanation - The prefrontal cortex is crucial for executive functions, including attention control and task management.
Correct answer is: Prefrontal cortex
Q.8 Treisman's Attenuation Theory differs from Broadbent's theory because it suggests:
All stimuli are completely blocked
Unattended stimuli are partially processed
Attention is unlimited
Attention is automatic
Explanation - Treisman proposed that unattended information is attenuated, not completely filtered out, allowing some processing.
Correct answer is: Unattended stimuli are partially processed
Q.9 What is a key characteristic of automatic attention processes?
They require conscious effort
They are slow and deliberate
They occur without conscious awareness
They reduce task efficiency
Explanation - Automatic processes happen with little or no conscious effort, such as reading familiar words.
Correct answer is: They occur without conscious awareness
Q.10 Which type of attention is tested by the Stroop task?
Selective attention
Divided attention
Sustained attention
Alternating attention
Explanation - The Stroop task measures selective attention and the ability to inhibit automatic responses.
Correct answer is: Selective attention
Q.11 Which concept explains why we might notice our name in an ignored conversation?
Divided attention
Cocktail party effect
Attentional blink
Change blindness
Explanation - The cocktail party effect demonstrates selective attention’s sensitivity to personally relevant stimuli.
Correct answer is: Cocktail party effect
Q.12 What is 'attentional blink'?
A temporary inability to notice a second stimulus shortly after the first
The ability to focus on multiple tasks simultaneously
Switching attention between tasks
Ignoring irrelevant stimuli
Explanation - Attentional blink is a brief lapse in processing the second of two stimuli presented in rapid succession.
Correct answer is: A temporary inability to notice a second stimulus shortly after the first
Q.13 Which theory of attention emphasizes that all information is processed, but selection occurs late?
Broadbent's Filter Theory
Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Theory
Treisman's Attenuation Theory
Feature Integration Theory
Explanation - Deutsch & Deutsch proposed that all stimuli are fully processed, but only relevant ones reach conscious awareness.
Correct answer is: Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Theory
Q.14 Divided attention is most negatively affected when:
Tasks are simple
Tasks require the same type of cognitive processing
Tasks are automatic
Tasks are unrelated
Explanation - Dividing attention between similar cognitive tasks increases interference and reduces performance.
Correct answer is: Tasks require the same type of cognitive processing
Q.15 Which type of attention is required for driving in heavy traffic while talking on the phone?
Selective attention
Divided attention
Sustained attention
Alternating attention
Explanation - Divided attention is needed to manage multiple tasks at the same time, such as driving and conversing.
Correct answer is: Divided attention
Q.16 Change blindness demonstrates limitations in:
Selective attention
Divided attention
Sustained attention
Alternating attention
Explanation - Change blindness occurs when we fail to notice visual changes because our attention is focused elsewhere.
Correct answer is: Selective attention
Q.17 Which model suggests attention is a spotlight focusing on certain areas while ignoring others?
Broadbent's Filter Model
Posner’s Spotlight Model
Treisman’s Attenuation Model
Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Model
Explanation - Posner proposed that attention works like a spotlight, enhancing processing in specific spatial areas.
Correct answer is: Posner’s Spotlight Model
Q.18 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of focused attention?
Ignoring distractions
Concentrating on one stimulus
Rapidly switching tasks
Sustaining attention over time
Explanation - Focused attention involves concentrating on one stimulus, not shifting between multiple tasks.
Correct answer is: Rapidly switching tasks
Q.19 Which type of attention is heavily influenced by practice and experience?
Automatic attention
Sustained attention
Selective attention
Divided attention
Explanation - Automatic attention processes become faster and more efficient with repeated practice and learning.
Correct answer is: Automatic attention
Q.20 Which task is an example of measuring sustained attention?
Watching a screen for rare signals over a long period
Switching between two tasks rapidly
Ignoring background noise while reading
Noticing your name in a conversation
Explanation - Sustained attention tasks require maintaining focus over extended time to detect infrequent events.
Correct answer is: Watching a screen for rare signals over a long period
Q.21 Executive attention primarily involves:
Filtering distractions and managing conflicts
Automatically responding to stimuli
Focusing on one task for long periods
Switching attention rapidly
Explanation - Executive attention includes high-level control over attention, including resolving conflicts and inhibiting distractions.
Correct answer is: Filtering distractions and managing conflicts
Q.22 Which factor can improve selective attention?
High cognitive load
Practice and familiarity with tasks
Fatigue
Multitasking
Explanation - Selective attention improves with repeated practice and familiarity, as the brain becomes more efficient at filtering distractions.
Correct answer is: Practice and familiarity with tasks
Q.23 What is the main effect of mental fatigue on attention?
Improved selective attention
Reduced ability to sustain attention
Enhanced divided attention
Increased automaticity
Explanation - Mental fatigue decreases cognitive resources, making it harder to maintain focus on tasks over time.
Correct answer is: Reduced ability to sustain attention
Q.24 Which attention-related phenomenon occurs when rapid serial visual presentation prevents noticing a second target?
Attentional blink
Cocktail party effect
Change blindness
Divided attention
Explanation - Attentional blink is a brief lapse in perception for a second stimulus when presented closely after the first.
Correct answer is: Attentional blink