Q.1 Which developmental stage, according to Erikson, is characterized by the conflict of trust vs. mistrust?
Infancy
Toddlerhood
Early Childhood
Adolescence
Explanation - Erikson's first stage (Infancy, 0-1 years) involves developing trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection.
Correct answer is: Infancy
Q.2 Which of the following is a key feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in childhood?
Persistent deficits in social communication
Sudden memory loss
Hallucinations
Rapid mood swings
Explanation - ASD is marked by difficulties in social interaction and communication, along with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.
Correct answer is: Persistent deficits in social communication
Q.3 What is the primary goal of developmental assessment in clinical psychology?
To determine intelligence quotient only
To identify normal developmental milestones and delays
To predict future criminal behavior
To prescribe medications for cognitive enhancement
Explanation - Developmental assessments are used to track a child’s growth and identify any delays or atypical patterns in cognitive, emotional, or physical development.
Correct answer is: To identify normal developmental milestones and delays
Q.4 Which psychological disorder is commonly diagnosed in adolescence and is characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest?
Major Depressive Disorder
ADHD
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Explanation - Adolescents may experience major depressive disorder, showing persistent low mood, loss of interest in activities, and impaired daily functioning.
Correct answer is: Major Depressive Disorder
Q.5 Which tool is widely used to screen developmental delays in children under 5 years old?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Explanation - The Bayley Scales assess cognitive, motor, and language development in infants and toddlers to identify potential developmental delays.
Correct answer is: Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Q.6 In Piaget’s theory, which stage is associated with the development of logical thinking about concrete events?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
Explanation - Between ages 7-11, children enter the concrete operational stage, characterized by logical reasoning about concrete situations but difficulty with abstract ideas.
Correct answer is: Concrete Operational
Q.7 Which intervention is most effective for treating anxiety disorders in children?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy
Psychoanalytic dream analysis
Vitamin supplementation
Explanation - CBT helps children identify and change maladaptive thoughts and behaviors, making it a first-line treatment for childhood anxiety disorders.
Correct answer is: Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Q.8 What is the primary difference between ADHD inattentive type and hyperactive-impulsive type?
Inattentive type involves difficulty focusing; hyperactive-impulsive type involves excessive movement and impulsivity
Inattentive type causes memory loss; hyperactive type causes hallucinations
Inattentive type is adult-onset; hyperactive type is childhood-onset
There is no difference; they are identical
Explanation - ADHD presents differently: inattentive type shows difficulty sustaining attention, whereas hyperactive-impulsive type shows excessive activity and impulsivity.
Correct answer is: Inattentive type involves difficulty focusing; hyperactive-impulsive type involves excessive movement and impulsivity
Q.9 Which disorder is characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements or vocalizations beginning in childhood?
Tourette's Disorder
Panic Disorder
Conduct Disorder
Schizophrenia
Explanation - Tourette's involves motor and vocal tics that appear before age 18 and can vary in severity over time.
Correct answer is: Tourette's Disorder
Q.10 Which term refers to a child’s ability to regulate emotions and behaviors in response to environmental demands?
Self-regulation
Executive dysfunction
Attachment insecurity
Cognitive dissonance
Explanation - Self-regulation is the ability to control impulses, manage emotions, and behave appropriately, and is crucial for healthy development.
Correct answer is: Self-regulation
Q.11 Which factor is most strongly associated with resilience in children facing adversity?
Supportive relationships with caregivers
High intelligence alone
Early exposure to stress
Physical strength
Explanation - Secure and supportive relationships help children adapt positively despite adverse conditions, fostering resilience.
Correct answer is: Supportive relationships with caregivers
Q.12 Which clinical assessment focuses specifically on early childhood attachment patterns?
Strange Situation Procedure
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Beck Depression Inventory
Explanation - Developed by Mary Ainsworth, this procedure observes infant-caregiver interactions to classify attachment styles.
Correct answer is: Strange Situation Procedure
Q.13 Which type of therapy focuses on strengthening parent-child interactions in developmental disorders?
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Psychoanalysis
Exposure Therapy
Explanation - PCIT helps parents learn effective strategies to manage behavior and improve the parent-child relationship in children with behavioral problems.
Correct answer is: Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
Q.14 Which of the following is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder?
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia in late adulthood
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Explanation - Neurodevelopmental disorders manifest early in development and include conditions like ASD, ADHD, and intellectual disabilities.
Correct answer is: Autism Spectrum Disorder
Q.15 What is a hallmark symptom of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in children?
Frequent temper tantrums and defiance toward authority
Memory loss and confusion
Hallucinations
Compulsive hand-washing
Explanation - ODD is characterized by a persistent pattern of angry, irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness toward adults.
Correct answer is: Frequent temper tantrums and defiance toward authority
Q.16 Which of the following best describes developmental psychopathology?
The study of normal and abnormal development across the lifespan
Exclusive study of adult mental disorders
Study of animal behavior
Focus only on genetic disorders
Explanation - Developmental psychopathology examines the origins and course of individual patterns of behavioral maladaptation across development.
Correct answer is: The study of normal and abnormal development across the lifespan
Q.17 At what age do separation anxiety symptoms typically peak in children?
Around 1 year
Around 3 years
Around 7 years
Around 12 years
Explanation - Separation anxiety disorder often emerges in early childhood, peaking around age 3, when children begin to test independence from caregivers.
Correct answer is: Around 3 years
Q.18 Which is a key feature of intellectual disability in childhood?
Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
High IQ scores
Hallucinations
Severe phobias only
Explanation - Intellectual disability involves deficits in cognitive functioning and practical, social, and conceptual skills necessary for daily life.
Correct answer is: Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
Q.19 Which of the following is a risk factor for developing conduct disorder in adolescents?
Exposure to inconsistent parenting
Regular physical exercise
Adequate sleep
Secure attachment
Explanation - Inconsistent or harsh parenting practices can contribute to the development of conduct disorder, which involves aggression and rule-breaking.
Correct answer is: Exposure to inconsistent parenting
Q.20 Which term refers to delays in multiple areas of development including motor, language, and social skills?
Global Developmental Delay
Specific Learning Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Explanation - Global developmental delay is diagnosed when children show significant delays in two or more developmental domains.
Correct answer is: Global Developmental Delay
Q.21 Which factor is protective against the development of childhood depression?
Strong social support and positive relationships
Exposure to chronic stress
Parental neglect
Frequent school absences
Explanation - Supportive environments and positive social interactions buffer children against developing depressive symptoms.
Correct answer is: Strong social support and positive relationships
Q.22 Which of the following is commonly used to assess behavior problems in children clinically?
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
Thematic Apperception Test
Beck Anxiety Inventory
Explanation - CBCL is a parent-report questionnaire that identifies emotional, behavioral, and social problems in children.
Correct answer is: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
Q.23 Which statement about developmental trajectories of childhood disorders is true?
Early identification and intervention can alter the course of disorders
All childhood disorders resolve spontaneously by adulthood
Childhood disorders have no impact on adult functioning
Genetic factors alone determine outcomes
Explanation - Timely diagnosis and interventions can significantly improve outcomes in children with developmental and psychological disorders.
Correct answer is: Early identification and intervention can alter the course of disorders
Q.24 Which approach emphasizes understanding a child’s development in the context of family, school, and culture?
Ecological systems approach
Psychoanalytic approach
Behaviorist approach
Medical model
Explanation - Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory highlights how multiple environmental systems influence a child’s development.
Correct answer is: Ecological systems approach