Ethiopia Imposes State of Emergency Following Escalating Clashes in Amhara Region

Amhara, Ethiopia — The Ethiopian government has declared a six-month state of emergency in the Amhara region effective 4 August 2023, responding to violent clashes between the federal security forces and the Fano militia that have spiraled out of control. The Amhara regional authorities requested federal intervention after the unrest became too intense for local security systems to manage.

Origins and Escalation of Conflict
Fighting erupted on 1 August 2023 in several towns in Amhara between Fano, a local militia made up largely of ethnic Amhara fighters, and the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF). The clashes represent the most serious security crisis the region has faced since the conclusion of the Tigray war. The regional government formally requested federal troops for reinforcement on 3 August.

Measures and Restrictions Enacted
Under the state of emergency, authorities have imposed multiple measures aimed at restoring order. These include a ban on public gatherings, warrantless arrests, curfews, and sweeping security operations. Internet access has been restricted, and flights to critical towns such as Gondar and Lalibela were suspended until security authorities regained control over besieged areas.

Impact on Civilians and Human Rights Concerns
The conflict and emergency measures have severely disrupted civilian life. Hospitals and basic services face challenges due to violence, restricted movement, and communication blackouts. The United Nations reports that at least 183 people have been killed in Amhara since July in the clashes. Over 1,000 individuals—many young men of Amhara ethnicity suspected of having ties to Fano—have been detained under the emergency powers.

Government Justification and Regional Stability
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed declared that the regular legal system had been insufficient to contain the “outrageous activity” in Amhara and that extraordinary measures were necessary to protect constitutional order and public safety. Government officials say the Fano militia’s resistance to disarmament and continued presence of armed elements outside the formal chain of command constitute a threat to national stability.

Warnings from Observers and Next Steps
Rights groups and international observers have expressed deep concern over reports of arbitrary arrests, ethnic profiling, and curtailed civil liberties. The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission has reported abuses, while the United Nations has called for detainees to be treated humanely and for transparent investigations. The state of emergency was initially set for six months, with expectations that Parliament will review the emergency powers, assess progress, and consider lifting or revising measures depending on security improvements.

Broader Implications
The declaration underscores the ongoing fragility of Ethiopia’s peace after the Tigray conflict. Ethnic tensions—especially among Amhara, Oromo, and other groups—remain volatile. The government's handling of Fano, and the response to the violence, is likely to influence public trust, internal cohesion, and foreign relations, especially as international partners are watching closely. A misstep could deepen grievances and instability, whereas a measured approach could pave the way for de-escalation and reform.
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